1.逻辑记忆：通过词的本身的内部逻辑关系，词与词之间的外部逻辑关系记忆单词。1)把几个字母看作做一个来记 如："ight" light, right, fight, night, might, sight, tight 2)外旧内新，如：bridge “桥”看成 b+ridge ridge "山脊”sharp 看成 s+harp harp "竖琴。3)外新内旧，如：cleave “劈开”看成 c+leave, tact "机智：看成 t+act
2 联想记忆：1)音与形的联想，即根据读音规则记忆单词。2)形与义的联想，如：eye 把两个e看成两个眼。banana 把a看成一个个的香蕉。bird 把b和d看成两个翅膀。3)象声词，联想实际的声音，如：gong 锣 coo 咕咕声。
3.分类记忆：把单词进行分门类 如：动物，植物等，进行分类记忆。你可以找一本分类字典作为参考。
4.卡片记忆：自制作单词卡片随时随身进行记单词，卡片写上单词的词形、词性、词义、音标、搭配、例句等。
5.感官记忆：记单词时，不要只用一种感官，尽可能地用多个感官，耳听、嘴读、手写、眼看、心记等。
6.软件记忆：有电脑的可利用电脑软件进行记单词，如：《开心背单词》、《开天辟地背单词》、《我爱背单词》等。
7.构词记忆：利用构词法，通过分析词根、前缀、后缀、派生和合成等记忆单词。
8.图表记忆：利用形象的图表进行记忆，它的优点是意、形、物直观的结合到一起。你可以找一本英语图解字典作为参考。
9.游戏记忆：通过自己和集体做游戏’在轻松愉快的气氛中进行记忆单词，你可以参照笔者主页上的“英语游戏”。
10.歌曲记忆：通过唱英语歌曲记忆单词，“听霸”“听力超人”等软件中有许多英文歌曲，并配有歌词和译文。
11.阅读记忆：通过阅读英语文章，小说等记忆单词，注意选择难度要适宜。
12.同义记忆：通过同义词一起进行单词记忆，可确切理解词义，这时不必注意它们的意义的区别。
13.反义记忆：通过反义词一起进行单词记忆，扩大了词义。
14.词典记忆：即背字典，这种方法是一种强行记忆的方法。它的缺点是容易忘记，只是孤立记住单词的意义。可以作为一种短时间的强化手段。
15.复习记忆：单词记住了，很快会忘掉，每隔一段时间要进行复习，巩固所学单词
16.商标记忆：通过看到的商标和广告随时随地进行记忆单词。
17.比较记忆：1)英汉比较 如：mama, cigar, beer, bar,fee等。2)单复数的比较 如：good-goods, spirit-spirits wood-woods 3)同音词的比较 如：right-write, eye-I 4)词的阴阳性的比较 如：actor-actress host-hostess
18.理解记忆：通过正确理解单词的本义、引申义和比喻义等如：second 是“秒”，它来源于古代的六分法，分，秒，它是二次划分， 因此second 也是“第二”，进一步引申，还可理解为“辅助”用这种方法特别适合那些一词多义的词。
19.联系记忆：记忆单词最好不要孤立地记，尽可能地和有关的东西联系来记。1)联系所学的文章大概意义，联系上下文，2)联系短语和搭配
20.综合记忆：记忆单词最好综合利用多种方法，而不只是一种，利用各自的优点顺其自然
怎样才能提高学习英语的兴趣？
提到，总有认为是枯燥乏味的；谈到的诀窍，即使是也大都只能告诉你要多读多背，除此以外无任何良方。长此以往，便对失去了，而上英语课时，也只培养了记笔记和听写的被动习惯。我们知道 “ 是最好的 ” ，如果连都没有了，那么谈何学习的动力呢？作为一名英语，我深深为此感到遗憾。因此，我有意识地在我日常的教学中加入了快乐元素，试图提高学生的学习兴趣。以下为几个实例。
一、词组中的乐趣：以往有些学生不愿背词组，认为太花工夫而往往不见实效。我想语言还是要靠一定的积累的，可如何才能变机械的背诵为有趣的呢？如当学生在背 catch a cold （患感冒）时，我有意请学生猜一个谜语 Heat or cold, which runs faster? （冷和热，哪个跑得更快？） 此时，学生往往听懂了谜面，但总是猜不出谜底，但是兴趣却真的被激发起来了。这时，身为老师的我抛出了 catch a cold 这个词组，我想的学生稍加思索就可以解释了。因为我们可以 catch a cold ，但是我们从不曾 catch a heat ，所以谜底应该是 Heat runs faster 。这种起到了很好的效果，学生也发出了会心的微笑。我想他们会永远记得这个词组的。
二、词组记忆中的举一反三：学生学过 be filled with （被 …… 注满），该词组的基本构成具有一定的代表性，如果引导的好，学生可以按此规律记忆更多的词组。 be+ p.p+ with 是这一类词组的基本公式，学生利用他们学习过的，在老师说中文引导的情况下，类推了 be crowded with （被 …… 挤满）， be lined with （被 &hellip 大学联考;… 排满） be stocked with （被 …… 堆满） be covered with （被 …… 盖住） be wrapped with （被 …… 包住）等等一系列的词组，收到了良好的学习效应。
三、词组记忆中的同音异义：学生在记出太阳和刮风这两个词组时，总是在动词的正确时态上犯错。我就用了谐音使之巧妙相连。上课时，我出其不意地向学生提出了一个问题 What is the color of the sun and What's the color of the wind? 学生可以凭自己的给出任何答案，而气氛也因此活跃起来。我就在这一片讨论声中给出正确答案： The sun is rose and the wind is blue （太阳是玫瑰色的而风是蓝色的） . 学生正常的反应当然是问为什么会是这个答案。我的解释是，在英语中， “ 升 ”rise 这个动词的过去式 rose 和玫瑰色 rose 是同音同词的； “ 刮风 ”blow 这个动词的过去式 blew 和蓝色 blue 是同音不同形。这么一来，学生又是高高兴兴，轻轻松松地学会了一个知识点。
四、词组记忆中的近义联系：知识是靠平时点滴积累的。学生要善于做一个有心人，把知识点扩充到知识面，这样一来学习的过程就是一个个的平面，而不是一个个互相脱离的台阶了。如谈到 tired （疲倦，厌倦）这个单词时，我还要求学生记住相关的一些词组，如 be tired of 厌倦 …… ， be tired with/from 因 …… 疲倦， be tired out 筋疲力尽等等。其它的近义词组，如 be exhausted 筋疲力尽，也可放置其中。 还有 be tired of 的相关词组，如 be bored with ， be sick of ， be fed up with 因它们共同的解释而成为了一个知识团。这样一来，令得学生在词组的运用中可以挥洒自如，有一定的余地。
综上所述，我认为学习的积极性是需要老师去激发的，因而教学方法的灵活运用是必不可少的。教师应该认真考虑学生的兴趣需要，找到学生的兴趣出发点，从而让英语学习成为一种有乐趣和找乐趣的开创性学习。
高中英语完型填空常用名词总结
【编者按】为广大考生朋友整理了英语词汇：完型填空常用名词总结，同学一起来学习吧!
1假期vacation holiday spring break ask for leave be on holiday have two days off
2旅游 trip journey tour voyage travel tourist passenger go camping/picnicking/hiking
3职务人员 clerk secretary passer-by friend minister manager waitress guest host hostess
Assistant customer adult neighbor relative patient /vet staff crew nurse teacher
Conductor tailor sailor inventor gardener guard
4餐馆/定餐/就餐 inn restaurant kitchen menu bill order tip fork and knife reserve /book table Taste delicious salad dash vegetables fruit tray napkin
5诊所/看病/服药 clinic hospital take one’s temperature take medicine/pills have a fever/flu/headache doctor physician surgeon specialist patient
6车站/机场 airport on board miss the train/bus catch a train meet sb.
7身体部位 arm head hair brain waist back shoulder pulse wrist
8意志 will courage patience determination faith effort confidence ambition energy
9才能/品质 talent gift ability potential intelligent promising smart stupid careful proud
Strict honest cold serious easy-going learned knowledgeable
10优缺点 advantage disadvantage strength weakness
11目标 aim goal intention purpose belief faith
12方式 means method way manner approach
13身体素质 strong weak pale sick ill be well keep slim/ fit cut weight/put on weight
14图表 photo picture graph drawing table line/bar graph pie chart draw a sketch 划草图
15文章 reading translation essay poem paper novel/fiction article magazine newspaper journal 日志 diary日记 Files form make a list of
16课堂class course lecture example reason message notes words phrase scholarship degree
Subject question trouble difficulty grades read comment marks
17 学校活动 match game activity hold a meeting /debate /speech/ ceremony
18建议/观点 advice suggestion idea proposal view recommandation
19气候/天气 climate weather storm windy cloudy rainy snow hot/cold/freezing/heat/warmth
20交通 by train/bus /boat bike on the train/bus /a bike drive a car ride a bike
give sb. a lift/ride
21习惯 habit custom get used to regular有规律的(形容词) practice惯例(名词)
22感觉 sight hearing touch smell sense
23情感 feeling emotion anger delight sadness sorrow
24 财富 money possessions wealth belongings fortunes treasure diamond be rich/well-off
25 运动比赛 on the playground on the track and filed pitch event game match sports player Coach judge jogging weightlifting play volleyball/soccer/
26衣服 clothes, cloth, clothing clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数， cloth指布，为不可数名词 clothing 服装的总称，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of
27事件 incident, accident incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故
高中英语学习方法 怎样才能学好语法？
怎样才能学好？读书有用吗？
其实，语法是从阅读学来的。
语法书当然有用，但它和字典一样，只是从旁辅助的工具。只看语法书却从不阅读，一定会走火入魔，其下场与死背生词相同。
我们的甚至有一个通病，那就是用字太深，但却很少用得对，于是整篇文章充斥着无数用生僻词汇串成的怪异句式。甚至一篇洋洋洒洒数万字的，往往只有数十句通顺的话，这便是时只重背诵生词，忽视语法的产物了。
其实，学习语法与学习生词相似，都要in context地学。死记硬背单词没有用处，因为你不懂单词的用法，也不清楚其应用的场合以及语气。同样地，像背诵公式般死记什么名词关系从句，什么分词修饰语，即便词序和结构都懂了，写作时真的用得着吗？用得对吗？例如许多人写出的倒装句，十有八九会出错。并非结构出错，而是运用不当。
既然语法规则不能死记硬背，那么语法该怎么学？
从阅读中领悟语法，再以语法书巩固领悟而来的。
举个简单的例子。冠词the看似简单，其实用法深奥多变。一本详尽的语法书往往会记录数十条运用the的规则，以及无数的例外情况，而且例外中仍有例外。比如：“根据冠词法规第五条第三小节，这里应用the而非a，但由于前面出现了某字，符合了例外情况三，所以这里用the...”。看看吧，这么多规则以及例外，如果死记的话，记得住这么多吗？即便记下了，写作的时候也未必用得出。
学好语法，语感比规则重要。
养成阅读英文的习惯。仍以the为例。每次读书时总会遇到the字数十次，而每次都会见到不同的情况，不同的句式。读的多了，加上多留意词语之间的关系，便自然能领悟出the字微妙的用法，写作时也能够少犯错。
阅读时遇到困惑，再去翻阅语法书。这时，语法书上的繁杂规则就正好派上用场了。因为你知道自己要找什么，也知道这些语法规则怎样应用于实际的句子。
以上即为语法的最佳，望大家学习借鉴，少走弯路。
大学联考英语阅读理解专题指导－推理判断题
第二讲 推理判断题
这类题属于主观题，是层次较高的设题。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。
常见的题干有：
1) It can be inferred from the text that.
2) We can conclude that.
3) When the writer talks about..., what he really means is that.
4) Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
判断题考查在理解文章的基础上，对不同观点进行评价和判断的。推理题考查由文章的字面信息推出未知信息或隐含信息的。
1) 判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意。
2) 全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。
3) 善于揣摩作者思路，尽可能与作者的思路吻合。
4）不可直接选取文中的原句。
例1： Annealing
Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping (浸) it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle-that is, it will break easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily. It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as it is wished, by annealing it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes. Annealing can also be used on other material, such as glass.（1990NMET）
①Why do people put hot metal in water?
A. To make it hard. B. To make it soft. C. To make it cool. D. To make it brittle.
[分析]答案为A，此题属推断归纳题。文中第二句说如果把金属加热，然后迅速放到水里冷却，也就会变得非常硬，但也变得脆。hard 是工艺的主观目的。brittle是伴随的客观结果，故选A而不选D。B项明显错
误；C项是手段不是目的，因此，都可排除。
②In annealing, the required hardness of metal depends on __.
A. the quantity of water used B. the temperature of the metal
C. the softness of the metal D. the timing of the operation
[分析]答案为D,此题属概括归纳题。timing 是时间的选择。本答案的依据是5和6两句，"The metal is heated,…length of time.","The longer…the softer it becomes."cool 的时间是可以控制的，时间越长越 soft,即硬度就越低。由此我们可得出结论：在退火过程中，金属的硬度是受到冷却的时间长短影响的。
③As suggested by the text, how can glass be made less brittle?
A. It can be heated and then cooled quickly. B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly.
C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly. D. It can be cooled and then heated quickly.
[分析]答案为C此题属推理判断题。文中提到"metal"。最后一句说退火工艺同样可用于象玻璃一类的其他材料。文中我们已知"annealing"就是先"heat"后"cool slowly"。由此推断C是正确的。
例2：At one time, computers were expected largely to remove the need for paper copies of documents (文件) because they could be stored electronically. But for all the texts that are written, stored and sent electronically, a lot of them are still ending up on paper.
It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. "I feel in my bones this revolution is causing more trees to be cut down," says Ted Smith of the Earth Village Organisation.
Perhaps the best sign of how computer and Internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new markets. Several Internet companies have been set upto help small businesses print quality documents from a computer. Earlier this week Hewlett-Packard Co. announced a plan to develop new technologies that will enable people to print even more so they can get a hard copy of a business document, a medical record or just a one-line e-mail, even if they are nowhere near a computer. As the company sees it, the more use of the Internet the greater demand for printers.
Does all this mean environmental concerns(环境问题) have been forgotten? Some activists suggest people have been led to believe that a lot of dangers to the environment have gone away. "I guess people believe that the problem is taken care of, because of recycling(回收利用)," said Kelly Quirke, director of the Rainforest Action Network in San Francisco. Yet Quirke is hopeful that high-tech may also prove helpful. He says printers that print on both sides are growing in popularity. The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste.（2003年全国卷）
④The growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to___________．
A．the rapid development of small businesses B．the opening up of new markets
C．the printing of high quality copies D．the increased use of the Internet
[分析]本文话题为办公用纸与环保，讲述了计算机与网络的发展并没有如人们先前所预料的那样帮助我们实现无纸化办公，相反地，随着打印技术的发展，用纸量日益增大．于是还得依靠科技，寻找双面打印与开拓农业废料提供造纸原料等出路了．文中涉及科技发展、生产需求与环保之间的关系，内涵十分深刻，平时“两耳不闻窗外事”的人是很难一下读明白的．本题考查对于文中提供的事实与线索进行逻辑推理的能力．
近年来纸张用量增加的原因何在?第2段中做出解释：It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-con-nected computers，．．．when e-mail is introduced， the printers start working overtime．．．The growing demand for paper看来正是a result of use of Internet-connected computers．本题答案为D．其余3个选项内容虽然也都在短文不同地方有所涉及，但均非题干所问纸张用量增长的直接原因，可逐一排除．
中，C项干扰性最大，第3段中所提及的Several Internet companies have been set up to help small businesses print quality documents from a computer 与选项C十分接近，因而对他们构成迷惑，这是因为考生没有能够认识到这一事实出现在本段中，只是为了说明how computer and Internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself，然而the printing of high quality copies本身并非纸张需求增长的原因．
“阅读理解”解题过程中，需要在通篇理解大意的基础上找到与本题相关的线索，弄清各项事实之间的联系，辨别选项内容之间的细微差别，排除干扰，找准最佳答案．[答案] D
⑤Environmentalists believe one possible way of dealing with the paper situation is_________．
A．to encourage printing more quality documents B．to develop new printers using recycled paper
C．to find new materials for making paper D．to plant more fast-growing trees
[分析]本题问及环保人士(environmentalists)对于用纸所引起的环保问题的解决途径所持看法．结尾段中谈到：The action group (= the environmentalists) has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood， such as agricultural waste，也就是本题选项中的C项to find new materials for making paper．
通过查读可以发现，选项D在文中根本没有涉及，选项B将文中细节内容做了一点改变，形成干扰．
考虑B项，文中为：the problem is taken care of， because of recycling．．．；．．．printers that prin to on both sides are growing in popularity(结尾段)；两处内容综合衍生而成选项B．但并未说有使用recycled paper的new printers，本项应排除．
D项所说的plant more fast-growing trees则在文中完全没有提到．[答案] c
⑥Hewlett-Packard Co． has decided to develop new technologies because ________．
A．people are concerned about the environment B．printers in many offices are working overtime
C．small companies need more hard copies D．they see a growing market for printers
[分析]题干中的HP Company(这家公司在打印机和厂商里也可算是闻名遐迩了)是对我们寻找答案极为有用的线索，循此很快可以找到第3段里，该公司develop new technologies的原因(也是目的)在于：enable people to print even more．．．．本段结尾则一语道破：As the company sees it，the more use of the Internet the greater demand for printers．显然只是要让人们更多地打印，牟利之心昭然若揭，其技术发展的原因与环保无关(排除A项)；与超时办公也无直接逻辑联系(排除B项)；对于hard copies有需求的也不仅仅是small companies(排除C项)；本题正确答案为D．
例3：A visitor visits an island where two tribes live. One tribe always tells the truth and the other always lies. The truth tellers live on the western side of the island, and those who lie live on the eastern side. The visitor wants to determine whether the native beside him is a truth teller or not by asking only one question. He asks the native,” Go and ask the native in the distance which side of the island he lives on.” When the messenger returns, he says, "He said he lives on the western side of the island."Is the messenger a truth teller or not? How can the visitor be sure??
⑦According to the messenger's answer, the visitor can conclude that_______________?
A. The messenger lives on the western side of the island because he tells the truth.?
B. the messenger lives on the eastern side of the island because his answer may be a lie.
C. it's hard to determine whether the messenger is a truth teller or not.
D. the messenger probably lives in the western side of the island because his answer may be true.
[分析]推测有关信使（近处的当地人）情况的。我们知道，讲真话的部落住在岛的西部，撒谎的部落住在岛的东部。这个信使去问远方的当地人住在岛的哪一边（东部还是西部）。远方的当地人只能有两种情况，要么住在岛的西部，要么住在岛的东部。如果他住在岛的西部，他就是一个讲真话的人，他就会如实回答他住在西部。如果他住在岛的东部，他就是一个撒谎的人。他本来住在东部，但在回答时，必须要说谎，他只能回答他住在西部。所以远方的当地人不管是住在东部还是西部，他的回答只有一个：“我住在西部&rdquo 高中数学;。如果信使告诉参观者远方的当地人住在西部，信使无疑是说了真话，那么信使一定是住在岛的西部。反之，如果信使告诉参观者远方的当地人住在东部，那么信使就说了假话，信使肯定住在东部。故此题答案是A。
⑧The native in the distance says he lives on the western side of the island. According to his answer, which conclusion of the following is wrong??
A. He may live on the eastern side of the island. ?
B. He may live on the western side of the island.?
C. He may be telling the truth.?
D. He can't be telling the truth.
[分析]推测远方的当地人的情况。从短文提供的信息来看，我们无法判定远方的当地人是住在岛的东部还是岛的西部，两种情况都是可能存在的。此题要注意情态动词的语气。A.“他可能住在岛的西部”;B.“他可能住在岛的东部”;C.“他可能讲了真话”。上述A、B、C三种情况都是可能的。D.“他不可能讲真话”，语气太绝对。推测错误。故答案为D
例4：When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signed me to come near. When I walked over, she asked,” Are you single?"? “Why, yes." I answered, smiling at her happily.“So is my mother." she said, “Would you like to meet her?"?
⑨The writer talked about the waitress' age because he thought___________.
A. she was young B. it a pleasure to make friends with her?
C. she was beautiful D. it strange for her to fall in love with him
⑩The waitress said hello to the writer every day because___________.?
A. she lived near his house B. he often went to visit her mother
C. she wanted to be friendly with him D. she loved him very much?
[分析]这是两道推测原因的题目。女服务员每天向作者示好，作者产生误解，以为女孩对他有意。考虑到他们年龄相差悬殊，作者认为女孩爱上他有点奇怪。故第⑨题答案是D。女孩问作者是否单身，并提到她母亲也是单身，并邀请他与她母亲见面，可见，女孩每天向他问好，目的是想取得他的好感，进而搓和他和她母亲。第⑩题答案是C
高一英语衔接教学探究
学生由国中升入高一，首先遇到的问题是英语新课标教材中的词汇量巨增，语法难度增大，老师又几乎完全用英语授课，面对这种突变，使学生感到不知所措。而且学生英语水平相差较大，他们来自不同的学校班级，原来所学的英语语音、语调也有所差异，很难适应高一英语的学习。高一又是国中向高中过渡阶段，易造成两级分化，怎样才能使学生顺利完成从国中向高中英语过度呢？我认为高一英语老师应注重培养学生学习英语的兴趣，激发学生的求知欲，帮助他们掌握正确的学习方法，培养他们良好的学习习惯。
一、教授正确的学习方法，培养学生良好的学习习惯
作为英语教师，不仅要教给学生英语知识，更重要的是要引导他们会学英语。高一仍是英语入门阶段，有资料显示，高一年级英语成绩分化的原因之一是学生学习方法与新的教学内容不相适应。高一学生一般都不同程度地存在学习习惯不良的问题，学生往往是死记单词，听完课做完作业便了事，头脑中没有“学会了什么”的意识，没有学习效率的观念，学习方法单一，加之没有良好的学习习惯，越学越困难，以致最终丧失信心……因此，教师首先要指导学生学会听课、学会做笔记，为培养学生良好的学习习惯打下基础。
听课是学习的中心环节。教师除了要注重课堂教学的策略外，还要有针对性地指导学生听什么、怎样听、思考什么。要求学生不要局限于听懂某个问题的解决方法，更应以听审题方法以及探索思路的过程为主；要注意教师语言的弦外之音，去体会教师对某个问题的理解，做到心领神会，潜移默化。
笔记是听课的辅助手段。教师应及时对学生提出笔记的要求并进行指导，指导学生将听到的内容加以思考整理，提纲挈领地记，更好地领会教师的方法和策略，以便学习教师的示范项目并注意模仿；要求学生课后全面系统地整理笔记，将自己对所学知识的理解、感受作笔录、圈注，以提高悟性；要求学生将作业中的疑问、反思、心得进行记录，以便于总结与提高。同时，教师要坚持检查与督促，使学生养成做笔记的习惯。
高一学生刚入校，师生间都很陌生，老师应与学生多接触，常谈心，加强相互间的了解，及时了解教学信息反馈，调整教学计划与教法，同时，还要帮助他们认识到，学习英语就要多进行听说读写的训练，要靠自己经常反复实践才能获得，例如，让学生每周规定一天为“英语日”，这一天内规定同学们不得说汉语，只能说英语，从而练习学生开口说的能力。另外，还要勤奋刻苦，要有坚强的毅力。此外 高一，还要帮助他们分析学习英语中遇到的困难和问题，使他们能结合自己的实际情况，不断摸索和调整学法，因此，要让他们明白学英语要有正确的学习方法，预习→质疑→听课→解疑→练习→巩固，一步都不能少。帮助和引导他们形成一套符合自己实际情况的、科学的方法，从而形成良好的英语学习习惯。
二、提高教师的课堂教学艺术
高一英语课的教学质量与效果不是在于给学生灌输了多少语言点，而是上课的艺术。高一英语难度比国中增大了许多，若还能使学生象七年级时那样喜欢英语，那我们的教学效果一定会很好。高一学生不同于国中学生，他们更有自学能力，一旦入门，其效果会远远超出老师的.作用。
（一）做好每节课的前奏工作
一节课的开头如同给一首歌定调一样，它可以决定课堂节奏的快慢及教学效果。我利用每节课前三分钟时间，让学生轮流做值日报告，保证每一位同学都有机会展示自己的风采，内容是关于自己熟悉的日常生活，由自己任意选定。学生都有争强好胜的心理，他们都会认真构思、别出心裁，课前反复练习，这样可以调动学生学习英语的积极性，创造一种学英语的氛围，学生可以在心情愉快的气氛中开始学习。
（二）读透教材，精心设计教法
每一单元的教学方法应根据各单元的特点，勤于思考，用心设计，尽力使各课的教学方法各异，以增强学生的新鲜感，调动他们学英语的积极性，如每一单元的 Warming up 这一环节的话题，大多比较贴近学生的日常生活，如 friendship ， music 等，可以让学生先谈他们各自的观点与看法，积极参与到课堂活动中来，最后老师来小结。
坚持阅读课的整体教学，阅读材料是语言的载体，集语音、词汇、语法与文化内容于一体。可采用关键词、提纲、问答题、图表、听录音等多种方法。在学阅读材料之前，进行限时阅读，老师设置一些问题，要求学生在限定的时间内完成，培养学生快速浏览课文，准确把握课文大意的能力，这样可以训练学生的阅读理解能力。串讲课文时，通常挑选出能表示课文主体的关键词和短语，巧妙地设计板书，使板书能勾画出课文概要。阅读理解能力的训练是培养自学能力、“授人以渔”的重要环节。英语阅读是一种辨认文字、理解语篇、进行思考、了解其中意义的复杂的心理过程，是一种心智技能，是获取信息、处理信息、应用信息全过程的初级阶段。加强阅读能力的训练，不仅是提高获取信息的“量”的手段，更是提高“质”的重要途径。由于高中英语落后生读不懂课本、读不懂题的现象十分普遍，因此，教师除注意规范自身的课堂教学（教学用语准确、规范，课堂表述干净利落）外，在高一引入新的知识点时，就应注重阅读的要求和训练。要让学生仔细阅读课本，通读内容，了解概要，准确理解。在阅读过程中如果产生疑问（或教师设置了疑问），教师要指导学生带着问题再仔细阅读有关内容，通过对基础知识的理解使疑问得以解决。
在学生熟悉了阅读材料内容的基础上，讲解语言要点并进行必要的语法归纳，使学生进一步理解、巩固课文。高一学生在九年级复习阶段，老师侧重英语讲题，大量用汉语讲课，高一开始用英语授课，学生很难适应，所以，要用简单、切合学生实际水平的英语讲课，逐渐使学生适应。
三、训练学生的心理素质
一方面，教师在英语教学中要为学生创造一个良好的心理环境，让学生体会到自己是思维领域里的一个劳动者和收获者。训练、测试，尤其是考试，要帮助学生掌握知识要点和复习功课的方法，要让学生了解评分标准，事先采取措施避免低分的出现，力争全班都高分，让他们感到有所收获，学习的积极性才会升涨，心理负担才会减轻，主动性和独立性才能增进。另一方面，可精心设计一些挫折，提供能使学生在知识上和思维上暴露缺陷、暴露弱点的机会，借此教育他们发现自己的问题是好事，能从中找到努力的方向。发现了问题及时去解决、努力去解决，那么出现的问题越多，就越能提高，越能进步；走过的曲折越多，经受的磨难越多，人的本领就越大。通过这样的训练，不仅培养了学生在学习上吃苦耐劳的品质，还可使学生在解决问题（或考试）中，无论题的难度如何，都能镇定自若，信心十足，正常发挥。
总之，高一阶段的英语学习有着承上启下的作用，为以后顺利完成高二、高三的英语教学奠定了基础。所以，教师要钻研教材，精心设计，努力创新教法。要保护学生学习英语的积极性，注重培养学生学习英语的兴趣、正确的学习方法及良好的学习习惯，建立融洽的师生关系，帮助他们树立学习英语的自信心，使他们适应高一英语学习，顺利完成初高中英语教学的衔接。
虚拟语气高中英语语法精讲精练
【摘要】感谢您对英语单词栏目的关注，小编特意在此发布了此文“虚拟语气高中英语语法精讲精练”在2013年也会更多的为您发布更好的文章，感谢您对的支持与关注，希望此文能给您带来帮助。
本文题目：虚拟语气高中英语语法精讲精练
虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜测建议或与事实不符的假设。虚拟语气可分为三种：(1)一般虚拟 (2)混合虚拟 (3)特殊句式
一.一般虚拟的构成：(省略if, 要将should/were/had 提到句首)
(1). 对现在的虚拟：If +S.+ did/were sth., S.+ would/could/should +do
If I had time, I would attend the meeting.
If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad.
(2) 对过去的虚拟：If +S.+had + p.p, S.+ would/could/should have + p.p
If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam.
(3) 对将来的虚拟：
If + S. + did/were/should do/were to do, S + would/should/could do sth.
If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.
If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.
If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next day.
注意：Had we made good preparations, we might have succeeded.
Had it not rained, we would have gone out for a walk.
Were I you, I would not do such a thing.
二. 混合虚拟：
(1) 不同时间的虚拟：If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.
If he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now.
(2) 虚拟与陈述的混合：
He could have passed the exam, but he wasn’t careful enough.
You should have come earlier, the bus left a moment ago.
三. 特殊句式：
(1)est, advise, recommend, propose, order, command, request, require, demand + that –clause (should do/do )
He suggested that we (should) save money for the future.(insist的判断)
(2) It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required that –clause(should do/do)(主语从句)
(3) My advice/suggestion/request/requirement is that-clause (should do /do) (表语从句)
His suggestion/advice/request/requirement that –clause(should do/do ) is.. (同位语从句)
(4) It is natural/necessary/strange that-clause (should do/do)表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。
It’s strange that he should have missed the train. (表竟然)
It is important that we should learn from others.(表理应如此)
It is a pity that he should not go with us.(表惊讶、不满)
(5)wish + that clause (did/were 与现在相反)
wish + that clause (would/could/might + do与将来相反)
wish + that clause ( had done 与过去相反)
I wish I could go with them tomorrow.
I wish I had never met him.
(6) It is (high/about) time + clause (did, should do )
It is (high/about) time we went home.
(7) would rather + clause (did 与现在或将来相反);(had done 与过去相反)
I would rather you came tomorrow. I would rather you hadn’t told her the news.
(8) If only + clause ( did/were与现在相反) ((would/could/might + do与将来相反)
( had done 与过去相反) “要是。。。就好了“
If only he would come tomorrow! If only I had taken her advice!
If only I were ten years younger!
(9) as if + clause (did/were 与现在相反) (would/could/might + do与将来相反)
( had done 与过去相反)
She treats Kate as if she were her own daughter.
They talked as if they had been friends for years.
(10) would like/was/were to have done something
I would like to have attended the party, but one of my friends came to see me.
(11) without/but for + n.= if it were not for +n./if it hadn’t been for + n. (otherwise后从句同)
I would not have passed the exam without your help.(=if it hadn’t been for your help)
四 。虚拟巩固练习：
1. The plant is dead. I ___more water.
A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should have given
2. I insist that a doctor ___ immediately.
A. has been sent for B. send for C. will be sent for D. be sent for
3. If you the doctors advice, you would have already recovered.
A. follow B. followed C. would follow D. had followed
4. I wish I ___ you yesterday.
A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see
5. What would you have done last night, if you to write your homework.
A. hadn’t B. haven’t had C. didn’t have D. hadn’t had
6. ---Did you catch the plane?
-----No, if I had hurried, I .
A. would B. would have C. could D. did
7. Without electricity human life ____ quite different today.
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
8. --- Shall we go skating or stay at home? ---Which____ do yourself?
A. do you rather B. would you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather
9. --- We could have walked to the station, it was so near.
---Yes, a taxi ___ at all necessary.
A. wasn’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t D. won’t be
10. If you early tomorrow morning, you would be there by noon.
A. have started B. were start C. were to start D. had started
11. Tom ought not to ____ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told
12. ---If he ____, he ___ that food.
--- Luckily he was sent to hospital immediately.
A. was warned, would not take B. had been warned, would not have taken
B. would be warned, had not taken D. would have been warned, had not taken
13. ---- Are you thinking about going to Dalian for the vacation?
-----No, but if I time, I very glad to go there.
A. have, will be B, had had, would have been
C. had, would be D. had had, would be
14. If you George, would you please tell him to ring me?
A. saw B. were to C. have seen D. see
15. You didn’t let me drive. If we ____ in turn, you ____ so tired.
A. drove, didn’t get B. drove, wouldn’t get
C. were driving, wouldn’t get D. had driven, wouldn’t have got
16. I am sure he hasn’t sent the letter. If he it, I .
A. sent, got B. sent, have got C. sent, would go D. had sent, would have got.
17. The two strangers talked as if they ____ friends for years.
A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been
18. Jane’ pale face suggested that he ____ ill, and her parents suggested that she ____ a medical examination.
A. be, should have B. was, have C. should be, had D. was, has
19. _____ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
20. When he was there, he ____ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.
A. would B. should C. had better D. might
21.____ for the free tickets, _____ I would not have gone to the films so often.
A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not
22. There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You ____ come, but why didn’t you?
A. must have B. should C. need have D. ought to have
23. I should have been there, but I ___ not find the time.
A. would B. could C. might D. should
24. If he ____ quietly as the doctor instructed, he wouldn’t suffer so much now.
A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie
25. How I wish every family ___ a large house with a garden.
A. has B. had C. will have D. had had
26. I thought you ____ like something to read , so I have brought you some books.
A. might B. may C. could D. must
27. There was plenty of time. She ____.
A. needn’t have hurried B. couldn’t have hurried C. must not hurry D. mustn’t have hurried
28. It was necessary that he about what had happened.
A. be told B. was told C. should tell D. tell
29. It was strange that we short of water in the country where it was always raining.
A. are B. be C. should be D. both B and C
30. You any difficulty now, if you had made a more careful plan.
A. won’t meet with B. would not meet with
C. would not have met with D. have not met with
31. did his best in everything, he would not have seen what he was.
A. and B. but C. otherwise D. but that
32. ---You should have gone to the show with us yesterday. It is very good.
----I wished I , but I was busy with my report.
A. had B. did C. would have D. were
33. ---- Would you have told him the answer, if possible?
-----Yes, I would have, but I very busy.
A. had been B. were C. was D. would be
34. If only I his advice, but I am sorry I did.
A. would not take B. would not have taken
C. did not take D. had not taken
35. It is time we to the concert. A. went B, go C. will go D. should go
36. ---I’d like to get a job in that computer shop.
---I would much rather you ___at home and ___ care of the children.
A. stay, take B. stayed, took C. should stay, took D. stayed, take
37. If we ___ birth control earlier, China ___ such a large population.
A. had begun, wouldn’t have B. had begun, wouldn’t have had
C. began, wouldn’t have D. should begin, wouldn’t have had
38. They treats the granny as if she ____ their own mother. A> is B. was C. were D. had been
39. ---What do you think of the food here? ---Oh, wonderful! WE ___ a better place.
A. won’t find B. mustn’t have found C. can’t find D. couldn’t have found
40. We ___ last night, but we went to the concert instead.
A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study
41. It was suggested that the match ___ because of the weather.
A. would be put off B. should put off C. must be put off D. be put off
only I ___ to your advice and returned home in time.
A. listened B. had listened C. would listen D. would have listened
43. ___, there would be no industry.
A. Without steel B. If there is not steel C. There would be no steel D. If there was not steel
44.---Would you like to go to the cinema tonight? ---I wish I ___, but I ___ study for a test.
A. had, will have to B. would, had to C. did, have to D. could, have to
45. He spoke as if he ___ in space at that moment.
A. had walked B. were walking C. would walk D. walked
46. I would do it in a different way ___ it.
A. were I do B. were I to do C. should I to do D. had I done
47. But for his help, they ___ over the mountain in such a short time.
A. had not run B. have not run C. couldn’t have run D. can’t have run
48. There is nothing left. I wish I ___ so much money on clothes.
A. haven’t spent B. hadn’t spent C. couldn’t have spent D. not spend
49. ---Why are you late? ---I got caught in traffic; otherwise I ___ here on time.
A. would have been B. was C. were D. had been
50. ---What happened to the trees planted last spring?
---The trees ___ well. But they didn’t take good care of them.
A. would grow B. shall have grown C. would have grow D. might grow
51. He would have died ___ that doctor.
A. hadn’t it been B. it id had been C. were it for D. had it not been for
52. What would you do if you __ a house on fire? A. saw B. see C. have seen D. had seen
五.参考答案：
1-5 DDDCD 6-10 BDBAC 11-15 ABCAD
16-20 DDBBA 21-25 CDBCB 26-30 AAADB
31-35 CCCDA 36-40BACDC 41-45DBADB
46-52BCBACDA
学识谷
