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Directions: there are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D) should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheer 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
As you are probably aware, the latest job markets news isn’t good: Unemployment is still more than 9 percent, and new job growth has fallen close to zero. That’s bad for the economy, of course. And it may be especially discouraging if you happen to be looking for a job or hoping to change careers right now. But it actually shouldn’t matter to you nearly as much as you think.
That’s because job growth numbers don’t matter to job hunters as much as job turnover data. After all, existing jobs open up every day due to promotions, resignations, terminations, and retirements. (Yes, people are retiring even in this economy.) In both good times and bad, turnover creates more openings than economic growth does. Even in June of 2007, when the economy was still humming along, job growth was only 132,000, while turnover was 4.7 million!
And as it turns out, even today — with job growth near zero — over 4 million job hunters are being hired every month.
I don’t mean to imply that overall job growth doesn’t have an impact on one’s ability to land a job. It’s true that if total employment were higher, it would mean more jobs for all of us to choose from (and compete for). And it’s true that there are currently more people applying for each available job opening, regardless of whether it’s a new one or not.
But what often distinguishes those who land jobs from those who don’t is their ability to stay motivated. They’re willing to do the hard work of identifying their valuable skills; be creative about where and how to look; learn how to present themselves to potential employers; and keep going, even after repeated rejections. The Bureau of Labor Statistics data shows that 2.7 million people who wanted and were available for work hadn’t looked within the last four weeks and were no longer even classified as unemployed.
So don’t let the headlines fool you into giving up. Four million people get hired every month in the U.S. You can be one of them.
57. The author tends to believe that high unemployment rate ______?
A) deprives many people of job opportunities.
B) prevents many people from changing careers.
C) should not stop people from looking for a job.
D) does not mean the U.S. economy is worsening.
58. Where do most job openings come from?
A) Job growth
B) Job turnover
C) Improved economy
D) Business expansion
59. What does the author say about overall job growth?
A) It doesn’t have much effect on individual job seekers.
B) It increases people’s confidence in the economy.
C) It gives a ray of hope to the unemployed.
D) It doesn’t mean greater job security for the employed.
60. What is the key to landing a job according to the author?
A) Education
B) Intelligence
C) Persistence
D) Experience
61. What do we learn from the passage about the unemployment figures in the US?
A) They clearly indicate how healthy the economy is.
B) They provide the public with the latest information.
C) They warn of the structural problems in the economy.
D) They exclude those who have stopped looking for a job.
Passage Two
Our risk of cancer rises dramatically as we age. So it makes sense that the elderly should be routinely screened for new tumors — or doesn’t it?
While such vigilant(警觉的)tracking of cancer is a good thing in general, researchers are
increasingly questioning whether all of this testing is necessary for the elderly. With the percentage of people over age 65 expected to nearly double by 2050, it’s important to weigh the health benefits of screening against the risks and costs of routine testing.
In many cases, screening can lead to additional biopsies and surgeries to remove cancer, which can cause side effects, while the cancers themselves may be slow-growing and may not pose serious health problems in patients’ remaining years. But the message that everyone must screen for cancer has become so ingrained that when health care experts recommended that women under 50 and over 74 stop screening for breast cancer, it caused a riotous reaction among doctors, patients and advocacy groups.
It’s hard to uproot deeply held beliefs about cancer screening with scientific data. Certainly, there are people over age 75 who have had cancers detected by routine screening, and gained several extra years of life because of treatment. And clearly, people over age 75 who have other risk factors for cancer, such as a family history or prior personal experience with the disease, should continue to get screened regularly. But for the remainder, the risk of cancer, while increased at the end of life, must be balanced with other factors like remaining life expectancy(预期寿命).
A recent study suggests that doctors start to make more objective decisions about who will truly benefit from screening- especially considering the explosion of the elderly that will soon swell our population.
It’s not an easy calculation to make, but one that make sense for the whole patient. Dr. Otis Brawley said, “Many doctors are ordering these tests purely to cover themselves. We need to think about the rational use of health care and stop talking about the rationing of health care.”
That means making some difficult decisions with elderly patients, and going against the misguided belief that when it comes to health care, more is always better.
62. Why do doctors recommend routine cancer screening for elderly people?
A. It is believed to contribute to long life.
B. It is part of their health care package.
C. The elderly are more sensitive about their health.
D. The elderly are in greater danger of tumor growth.
63. How do some researchers now look at routine cancer screening for the elderly?
A. It adds too much to their medical bills.
B. It helps increase their life expectancy.
C. They are doubtful about necessity.
D. They think it does more than good.
64. What is the conventional view about women screening for breast cancer?
A. It applies to women over 50.
B. It is a must for adult women.
C. It is optional for young women.
D. It doesn’t apply to women over 74.
65. Why do many doctors prescribe routine screening for cancer?
A. They want to protect themselves against medical disputes.
B. They want to take advantage of the medical care system.
C. They want data for medical research.
D. They want their patients to suffer less.
66. What does the author say is the general view about health care?
A. The more, the better.
B. Prevention is better than cure.
C. Better early than late.
D. Better care, longer life.
答案
点评：本篇文章选自TIME周刊的财经板块，原文标题为“Why Job Hunters Shouldn’t Worry So Much About Paltry Job Growth”，文章主要表达了这样一种观点，即找工作的人不必太在意官方提供的高失业率，就业增长等数据，原因在于这些并不等说明现实情况，比如：人员更替带来了更多的职位空缺，因此，即便是经济增速缓慢，就业增长为零，依然还是有很多的职位空缺存在。所以，如作者最后点睛所言，So don’t let the headlines fool you into giving up. 不灰心不放弃。
从整体语言难度来说，文章难度不是很大，财经相关的一些词汇基本都是大家比较熟悉的。并没有出现过高难度的长难句以及词汇，整体理解起来也相对容易。
今后大家还应当继续注重一些商务词汇的表达，如job turnover(人员更替)，termination解雇，land jobs找工作，等等。
57. The author tends to believe that high unemployment rate ______?
答案：C. should not stop people from looking for a job.
解析：本题重点考察作者观点。题干问在作者看来，高失业率怎么样?锁定原文第一段，虽然第一段中的bad for the economy，discouraging，change careers等字眼跟选项ABD当中的词汇很类似，但是要注意的是，真正表达作者观点的是第一段最后一句But it actuallyshouldn’t matter to you nearly as much as you think。其实高失业率跟你没太大关系。包括原文最后一段第一句“So don’t let the headlines fool you into giving up.”所以，综上所述，它不该给你找工作带来阻碍，引申意思就是该怎么办就怎么办，不要在意官方统计的高失业率。
58. Where do most job openings come from?
答案：B. Job turnover
解析：本题属于细节考查题。题干问大部分的职位空缺来自于哪里?根据四个选项，可以用排除法将business expansion排除，因为原文并未提及。再剩下的三个选项中，根据原文第二段的第一句job growth numbers don’t matter to job hunters as much asjob turnover data以及turnovercreates more openings than economic growth does.可以确定人员更替(turnover)提供了更多的职位空缺，因此答案为Job turnover。
59. What does the author say about overall job growth?
答案：A. It doesn’t have much effect on individual job seekers.
解析：本题继续考察作者观点。题干问作者对于整体就业增长(overall job growth)的态度是怎样的，可以定位到原文倒数第三段，关键是第一句：I don’t mean to imply that overall job growth doesn’t have an impact on one’s ability to land a job. 此处用到双重否定，“我并不是说整体就业增长对一个人找工作没有丝毫影响”，也就是说“有一定影响，但是没有那么大”所以答案是A，而BCD选项的confidence，hope，job security原文并未提及。
60. What is the key to landing a job according to the author?
答案：C. Persistence
解析：本题属于细节考查题。定位原文倒数第二段第一句But what often distinguishes those who land jobs from those who don’t is their ability to stay motivated. 关键词是stay motivated
61. What do we learn from the passage about the unemployment figures in the US?
答案：D. They exclude those who have stopped looking for a job.
解析：本题属于细节考查题。根据倒数第二段的.最后一句The Bureau of Labor Statistics data shows that 2.7 million people who wanted and were available for work hadn’t looked within the last four weeks and were no longer even classified as unemployed.可知答案选D，那一部分人已经被排除掉了，所以失业率这个数据是有水分的。
SB_2 答案
62. D. The elderly are in greater danger of tumor growth.
63. C. They are doubtful about its necessity.
64. B. It is a must for adult women.
65. A. They want to protect themselves against medical disputes.
66. A. The more, the better.
【点评】
这是一篇有关癌症筛查的文章。长期以来，人们认为对于老年人来说，随着年龄的增长，肿瘤生长造成的威胁就越大，所以医生建议他们进行各类常规的癌症筛查。但是近来，研究者开始怀疑它的必要性。当他们开始叫停50岁以下和74岁以上的妇女的乳腺癌筛查时，受惯例根深蒂固影响的人们掀起了轩然大波。不过，对于老年人来话说，癌症的风险还要和预期寿命进行权衡。近期的调查还显示很多医生让病人进行癌症筛查纯粹是为了在医疗事故中保护自己，所以这篇反对了人们长期以来的对健康检查的误解，即健康检查并非多多益善。
学识谷
