导语：很多人在托福写作中为“如何举例子”而烦恼，小编今天就给大家讲讲这方面的知识，希望可以帮助到大家。
何为“举例”?
“If you want to write an effective paper or make a successful argument, you need more than simple reliance on yourself for the ‘truth’. This means finding evidence to support your position: facts, statistics, the research of experts in the field, yours and other people’s experience and so forth.” (“Why Essays Need Supporting Evidence”) 从以上这段节选自美国大学写作教材的文字来看。内容上，大部分同学所使用的例子内容，比如“我的邻居小明…”，这样的例子是正确的。因为邻居小明的故事属于他人经历(others’ experience)例子。
那么问题到底出在了哪里?为什么内容上正确的例子依然无法帮助同学们在考试中获得理想的分数?我们来看接下来这句话: “your success in writing a convincing paper depends both on the evidence you bring forth and on your interpretation of that evidence.” 这句话与评分标准中提到的”display unity”相呼应。“Display unity”指的是一篇文章中的论据和论点要有统一性，即论据全部指向论点并为证明论点而服务。那么，一篇高分的托福作文除了内容上需要提供例子，逻辑上，对事例内容的解读以及例子内容关联论点都非常重要。所以，如果只是提供了大量的有内容的例子，而没有对内容进行筛选和评价，从评分标准和写作要求来看，由这样的例子构成的文章并不会得到理想的分数。托福写作，需要的是有说服力的例子，而不是仅仅陈述内容犹如流水账的例子。
何为“有说服力的例子”?
我们先来看一个段落, 节选自A同学习作：
Topic：小孩子到底该不该看电视?
节选段落：
In addition, another important reason is that watching TV is a way to make your pressure decrease quickly. For example,Lisa, a student in high-school, does not know how to keep the pressure down. When some students study tired, they want to watch TV for relax,such as watch movies, TV play, and so on, she is also studying. Because of that,she often get ill easily for study too harder. Lisa does not know how to keep the pressure down, So she often stay a nervous heart in exam, The bad mood can influence her grades. Form the example we can know that watching TV is not bad for grades, it can also keep you from pressure. As far as I am concerned. I do not agree that parents want their children get good grades at schools by stop students from watching TV. If students watch TV for relax, parents can not stop students to watch TV.
相信大部分同学在看完这段节选文章之后, 只有一个感觉：“乱”。撇开原文中的语法问题不谈，整个段落的逻辑框架非常的混乱。作者想要证明看电视可以帮助小孩缓解压力，正常情况下的举例内容是该跟缓解压力有关，但是文章里使用的是“一个叫Lisa的小女孩不知道该如何缓解压力，然后压力太大成绩不好”的故事。典型的例子和论点没有关系，即使这个例子写得语言再优美，句式再丰富都没有用。就像是你想证明约翰列侬的歌特别棒，但是你居然举了一个他养了三条狗的故事，效果是一样的。例子的逻辑走向和观点不符，这样的情况就是最常见的无效举例，或者被称为无效论证。
学识谷
