网站首页 语言 会计 互联网计算机 医学 学历 职场 文艺体育 范文
当前位置:学识谷 > 范文 > 校园

定语从句用法英语

栏目: 校园 / 发布于: / 人气:3.72K

英语中,定语从句的用法是怎样的呢?以下是小编收集的相关信息,仅供大家阅读参考!

定语从句用法英语

在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的有关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that等和关系副词where,when,why等,关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。

1.由who引导的定语从句中,who用作主语,如:This is the boy who often helps me.

2.由whom引导的定语从句中,whom用作宾语,如:The man whom you are waiting for has gone home.

3.由whose引导的定语从句中,whose用作定语,如:Do you know the girl whose skirt is white?

4.由which引导的定语从句中,which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语,如:

The room in which there is a machine is a work shop.

The river which is in front of my house is very clean.

This is the pen which you want.

注意:

(1)whom,which用作介词宾语时,介词可放在whom、which之前,也可放在从句原来的位置上;但在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在原来的位置上。如:He is the very person whom we must take good care of.

(2)引导非限制性定语从句时,必须用关系代词which,不用that,如:I have lost

my bag,which I like very much.

(3)关系代词在句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。

5.由that引导的定语从句中,that可以指人或物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语,如:

The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun.

注意在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句。

(1)先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等,如:

All that we have to do is to practise English.

(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,如

The first letter that I got from him will be kept.

(3)先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰,如

I've eaten up all the food that you gave me.

(4)先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时如

He is the only person that I want to talk with.

(5)先行词既有人又有物时,如:

They talked about persons and things that they met.

(6)当句中已有who时,为避免重复,如:Who is the man that is giving us the

class?

6.由when,where,why引导的定语从句,如:

I don't know the reason why he was late.

This is the place where we have lived for 5 years.

I'll never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time.

注意:先行词是表示地点时,如果从句的'谓语动词是及物的,就用that(which),如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的,就用where引导。This is the house Which/that he has lived in for 15 years.(Where he has lived for 15 year.)

7.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

(1)限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分,主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,of which等,这些关系代词都不能省略。

(2)非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明,没有这种从句,不影响主句意思的完整,一般用逗号把主句和从句分开,关系代词用which,不用that;指人时可用who,如:I have two brothers,who are both students.

8.如何简化定语从句

(1).定语从句简化为形容词或形容词短语作后置定语。如:

My grandfather lives in a village that is far away from here.

→My grandfather lives in a village far away from here.我祖父住在离这儿很远的一个村子。

This is a book that is worth reading.

→This is a book worth reading.这是一本值得看的书。

(2)定语从句简化为现在分词或现在分词短语作前置或后置定语。

The man who is standing under the tree is our English teacher.

→The man standing under the tree is our English teacher.

站在树下面的那个人是我们的英语老师。

I saw the house that was burning at that time.→I saw the burning house at that time.

当时我看到那房子在燃烧。

(3)定语从句简化为过去分词短语作后置定语。

I like to see the films which are directed by Zhang Yimou.→I like to see the films directed by Zhang Yimou.我喜欢看张艺谋导演的电影。

She is the girl who was praised at the school meeting.→She is the girl praised at the school meeting.她就是在校会上受表彰的那个女孩。

(4)定语从句简化为不定式作后置定语。

He is always the first person that comes to school.→He is always the first person to come to school.他总是第一个到校。

The report which will be given tomorrow is important to us.→The report to be given tomorrow is important to us.明天要作的报告对我们很重要。

(5)定语从句简化为what从句。

I couldn't remember the words that he said.→I couldn't remember what he said.

我记不得他说的话。

【典型例题解析

例1 The second book ______I want to read is Business the Speed of Thought.

h

解析先行词book被序数词修饰时要用that引导定语从句,故选C。

例2 I'll never forget the days _____I stayed with you.

which which

解析本题指时间,故选A。

例3 The book______ is sold out at the moment.

need you need

h you need it you need it

解析B、C、D中的what和it与先行The book相抵触,故选A。

例4 Is this the place ______Lincoln once lived.

h e

解析本题指地点,故选C。

例5 I'm one of the boys _________ never late for school.

is are am is

解析本题中who用作主语,谓语动词与先行词the boys保持一致,故选B。

【选讲例题】

例6 Her sister,______ you met at my home,was a teacher of English.

h is

解析非限制性定语从句中,关系代词用which,不用that,但指人时用who或whom.故选A。

例7 These book are for students _____ mother language is not English.

whom h e

解析whose引导的定语从句中,whose用作定语,故选D。