定语从句
限制和非限制性定语从句: 限制性定语从句是名词词组不可缺少的`一个组成部分, 去掉了会造成病句或意义不明确; 非限制性定语从句属于补充说明性质, 去掉了不会影响主要意义, 通常用逗号与它的先行词分开.
The boys who wanted to play football were disappointed when it rained.
The boys, who wanted to play football, were disappointed when it rained.
如果定语从句的先行词是专有名词, 或是带有形容词性物主代词或形容词性指示代词作限定词, 其后的定语从句通常都是非限制性的:
Mary Smith, who is in the corner, wants to meet you.
Her mother, who had long suffered form arthritis, died last night.
All these books, which have been donated by visiting professors, are to be used by the postgraduates.
在非限制性定语从句中只能用who/whom指人, 用which指物,通常不用that替代.
My father, who had been on a visit to America, returned yesterday.
All the books, which had pictures in them, were sent to the little girl.
定语从句的引导词
that, who, whom: 非限制性定语从句, 如果修饰人, 一般用who, 有时用that . 如果关系代词在从句中作宾语, 就应当用宾格 whom 或that, 但在大多数情况下都可以省略掉, 在口语中可用who代替whom.
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