必修三的英语要学习哪些知识?应该怎么学才能学好?这是很多学生都想知道的。下面是小编为大家整理的高一英语必修3知识总结，希望对大家有用!
被动语态的特殊结构形式
(1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词+be+过去分词。
例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
(2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
(3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。
例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
(4)在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。
例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
(5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词+介词”，“动词+副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
1. the ancient Olympic Games 古代奥运会
2. compete in …compete with other countries for world market 与其它国家竞争国际市场 compete in a race 参加赛跑
compete with [against] sb. for sth. 与某人竞争而获得某物
Our Greek cities used to compete against each other just for the honour of winning.我们希腊各个城市之间曾经为了荣誉而彼此之间相互竞争。
3. take part in 参加
We all had to take part in the training run, with nobody excepted.
stands now.在我们学校所在之处过去有一座庙。 9. …and both are held every four years on a regular basis. 两个都是定期每四年举行一次。
on a regular basis 定期地He comes to visit us on a regular basis.他定期来看望我们。
10. Only atheletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors. 只有达到他们各自项目统一标准的运动员才会被接受参见奥运会。
I am sure that he will be admitted to Beijing University this summer. 我肯定他今年夏天将被北京大学录取。 This ticket admits two people to the football match. 这张票可供两人入场看足球赛。
The cinema admits about 2000 people.这座电影院大约可坐 2000 人。
The rules and regulations admit of no other explanation.这些规章制度不容许有其他解释。
His illness admits of no delay.他的病不容拖延。 He never admits that he is wrong. 他从不承认自己错了。
John has admitted breaking the window. 约翰已承认打碎了窗子。
11. It is in the Summer Olympics that you have the running races, together with swimming, sailing, and all the team sports.跑步、游泳、划船和所有团队项目是在夏季奥运会上进行的。
which的用法
1.指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。做宾语时常可省略。
English is a language which is easy to learn.
英语是一门容易学的语言。(which在定语从句中作主语，不能省略)
This is a folk song which is now very popular.
这是目前非常流行的一首民谣(which在定语从句中作主语，不能省略)
The river which flows through London is the Thames.
流经伦敦的河叫泰晤士河。(which在定语从句中作主语，不能省略)
The children like cookies (which) my wife makes.
孩子们喜欢我夫人做的饼干。(关系代词which作makes的宾语，可以省略)
h引导的非限制性定语从句可以修饰前面的整个主句，相当于and this。 Jim passedhis driving test, which surprised everybody.
吉姆通过了驾驶考试，这使大家都感到惊讶。(定语从句修饰的是整个主句，而不是the driving test)
Sheila couldn't come to the party, which was a pity.
希拉不能来参加聚会，真遗憾。(定语从句修饰的是整个主句，而不是the party)
h在非限制性定语从句中有时也可以作定语。
John stayed here for a week, dring which time we visited the West Lake together.
约翰在这里呆了一星期，在此期间我们一起游了西湖。
It might snow this weekend, in which case we won't go to Beijing.
周末可能下雪，在这种情况下，我们就不去北京了。
1. occasion n.时刻，时节;大事;节日
[应试指导] (1)on no occasion位于句首时倒装的考查 (2)作先行词时定语从句引导词的考查
on occasion(s)偶尔，有时
on one occasion曾经，有一次
on this/that occasion在这个/那个时候
on no occasion绝不，不会
occasional adj.偶尔的，间或发生的
occasionally adv.有时，偶尔
It is an occasion for all the family to celebrate.
这是个值得举家庆祝的时刻。
What do they say when they meet on a formal occasion?
在正式场合见面的时候，他们要说什么?
[夯实基础]
语法填空
(1)I call on my parents on occasion.
(2)On no occasion should you do such a thing like that.
(3)I can remember very few occasions when he had to ask for leave because of ill health.
2. celebration n.庆祝;庆典(a speciallyorganized event to celebrate..
[应试指导] 祝贺类写作高频词汇
in celebration of为庆贺……
celebrate sth.庆祝……
congratulate sb./oneself on sth.因……向某人/自己庆贺
Congratulations!祝贺!恭喜!
Usually，no matter how far away or how busy we are，we will try to return home for the celebration.
通常不管我们多么远，多么忙，我们都努力回家来庆祝这一节日。(辽宁·书面表达)
[夯实基础]
语法填空
(1)The old couple held a party to celebrate(celebrate) their fiftieth wedding anniversary last week.
(2)I want to congratulate you on your success with all my heart.
(3)Celebrating/To celebrate(celebrate) Christmas is their custom.
(4)I congratulated myself on having chosen a good woman to be my wife.
3. power n.能力;力量;权力;动力
[应试指导] 在谚语中的应用
come to/into power掌权;上台
in one’s power在某人的掌控中
beyond/out of one’s power某人不能胜任的，超出某人能力的
do all in one’s power尽力而为
As the saying goes，knowledge is power.
俗话说，知识就是力量。
She is said to have the power to foresee the future.
据说她有预测未来的能力。
She interviewed six women who have reached positions of great power and influence.
她采访了6名身居高位，并且颇具影响力的女士。
[夯实基础]
(1)语法填空
①The president is the most powerful(power) man in America.
②They have invented a new car，which is powered(power) by solar batteries.
(2)He told her that he would do everything in his power to prove that he was the man for her.
①He told her that he would do what he could to prove that he was the man for her.(改为含有what从句的复合句)
②He told her that he would do his best to prove that he was the man for her.(用do one’s best改写句子)
4. destroy v.摧毁，毁灭;破坏(y
destroy one’s health有害健康
destroy one’s career/hopes毁灭某人的事业/毁掉希望
cause/do damage to对……造成破坏
The fire destroyed most of the building.
大火把这座建筑物几乎烧毁了。
All hopes of a peaceful settlement were destroyed by his speech.
和平解决的希望都被他的讲话给毁了。
Failure was slowly destroying him.
失败渐渐地把他毁了。
[词义辨析] destroy，damage
(1)destroy表示毁灭性的破坏，多指无法修复。
(2)damage指不同程度的损害、毁坏;作名词时，表示“损害”。
[夯实基础]
(1)用destroy，damage的适当形式填空
①The bridge was destroyed by the flood.
②The strong sandstorm damaged most of the young trees.
(2)语法填空
①Smoking destroying(destroy) his health，he is quite weak now.
②His hope destroyed(destroy)，he felt helpless.
5. decorate v.装饰;装修
[应试指导] 场所介绍类写作高频词汇
...用……装饰……
decoration n.装饰;装修;装饰品
The hall is decorated with flowers.
大厅里摆放着鲜花。
[夯实基础]
语法填空
(1)With its simple decoration(decorate)，the main bedroom is a peaceful heaven.
(2)He decorated his room with pictures of all his favorite sports figures.
6. serve v.服侍……进餐;服役;供职于;服务;用作
serve sb.=serve .给某人端上……
serve the people为人民服务
serve as当作;作为
at the service of sb.=at one’s service听……差遣;随时准备为……做事
server n.服务器;侍者
Who will serve lunch to us/serve us lunch?
谁招待我们吃午饭?
The company said it would focus on making more competitive servers，storage and networking gear，as well as analytic software.
该公司说，它将专注于生产更有竞争力的服务器、存储设备和联网设备，以及分析软件。
[夯实基础]
(1)When the news came that the war broke out，he decided to serve in the army(去部队服役).
(2)She ushered(引导) me into the front room，which served as(用作) her office.
(3)We are at your service(随时为你服务)’t hesitate to turn to us if you have any further problems.
7. apply vt.&vi.涂(put or spread a surface);应用(use);使用;申请(make a request);涉及(concern，relate)
apply vt.&vi.涂(put or spread a surface);应用(use);使用;申请(make a request);涉及(concern，relate)
[应试指导] 申请类写作高频词汇
apply (to sb.) for sth.(向某人)申请某物
apply to适合
apply sth.把某物应用(涂抹)于……
apply oneself to (=be applied to)(doing)sth.致力于/集中精力于……
application n.申请;报名;适用
applicant n.申请者;应征者;报名者
Apply some medicine to his wound.
给他的伤口上点药吧。
What you said doesn’t apply to me.
你所说的并不适合我。
[夯实基础]
(1)用apply的适当形式填空
①The new technology，if applied to rice growing，will help increase the grain output.
②His application for membership of the organization was rejected.
③If the applicant is not a true candidate for the job，do not interview him.
(2)If you apply yourself to the job in hand，you’ll soon finish it.
①Applying yourself to the job in hand，you’ll soon finish it.(用现在分词短语作状语改写句子)
②Applied to the job in hand，you’ll soon finish it.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)
8. attend v.出席，参加(be present);照料，护理(take care of);处理，对付(deal with)
[应试指导] 其高级词汇是be present at
attend school/class/church上学/上课/做礼拜
attend on/upon sb.伺候某人;照顾某人
attend to sb./sth.处理;倾听;照料;专心;注意
Thousands of people attended the ceremony.
数千人参加了庆典。
They will not attend the Olympic Winter Games.
他们不会出席本届冬奥会。
The main thing is to attend to the injured.
首要任务是照顾伤者。
[夯实基础]
用attend短语的适当形式填空
(1)—Would you like to join us in the game?
—I’m afraid not，for I have something important to attend to.
(2)I’m staying at home tonight to attend on/to my father.
9. contribute v.捐献;捐助(give money or goods to...);是……的原因之一(be one of the causes of sth.);贡献;投稿(...)
contribute v.捐献;捐助(give money or goods to...);是……的原因之一(be one of the causes of sth.);贡献;投稿(...)
[多词一义] contribute to，result in，be responsible for，bring about，lead to，cause
...把……贡献给……
contribute to(=result in/lead to)有助于;导致
make a contribution/contributions to对……作出贡献
He contributed a lot of good ideas to the discussion.
他在这次讨论中提出很多好的想法。
Would you like to make a contribution to the hospital building fund?
你愿意为医院建设基金捐款吗?
[夯实基础]
(1)同义句改写
Various factors contributed to his downfall.
Various factors resulted in/led to/were responsible for/caused his downfall.
(2)In a discussion group，it’s very important that everyone contributes(每个人都贡献) whatever’s in their minds.
10. link v.& n.关联;联系;关系
把……连接起来
be linked to/with和……有联系
link up连接起来
Researchers have detected a link between smoking and heart disease.
研究人员发现了吸烟和心脏病之间的关系。
Television stations around the world are linked by satellites.
全世界的电视台通过卫星联系在一起。
[夯实基础]
语法填空
(1)Police suspect there may be a link between the two murders.
(2)The newspapers have linked his name with hers.
(3)The two spacecraft will link up with each other in orbit.
11. seriously adv.认真地;真诚地
ously认真对待
be serious about对……严肃
I want people who take responsibility seriously.
我想招的是那些严肃对待责任的人。
I’m afraid I’m not a very serious person.
恐怕我不是一个非常严肃的人。
[夯实基础]
(1)It was a question which deserved serious consideration(认真考虑).
(2)He was serious about(认真对待) the matter.
12. mess n.脏或乱的状态;弄乱，弄脏
in a mess一片混乱
make a mess of把……弄乱
mess up把……弄糟
messy adj.杂乱的
When he returned home，he found everything in a terrible mess.
他回到家以后，发现一切都乱糟糟的。
Don’t mess up the house while I am gone.
我不在的时候别把房子里弄得乱糟糟的。
[夯实基础]
语法填空
(1)Mei began being upset and wondered why everything was in a mess.
(2)As the work tends to be a bit messy(mess)，you’ll need to wear old clothes.
重点短语
1. burn down把……烧毁;渐渐烧完
the ground把……烧成平地
be burned/burnt out耗尽体力，累垮
be burning to do sth.热切盼望做某事
The village was burned to the ground during the war.
这个村庄在战争期间被烧得精光。
By the age of 25 she was completely burned out and retired from the sport.
她到25岁时就已体力耗尽，退出了体坛。
[夯实基础]
He is eager to tell us his great success.
He is burning to tell us his great success.(用burn短语改写句子)
2. take part in参与;参加
for one’s part就某人来说
for the most part(=mostly)多半;通常
in part部分地
play a part in参加;对……起作用
part with卖掉;放弃;出让
A good listener takes part in the conversation，offering ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.
一个好的倾听者要参与进对话中，出主意、提问题，使得谈话流畅进行。
Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel，David Copperfield，was that it was rather closely modeled on his own life.
狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说《大卫·科波菲尔》的部分原因是小说创作非常贴近他本人的真实生活。
[夯实基础]
选择方框内的短语填空
for the most part，in part，part with，play a part in
(1)All this may play a part in the war on terrorism.
(2)He naturally didn’t want to part with his house.
(3)His success is in part owing to luck.
(4)The students are，for the most part，from villages.
3. depend on/upon依靠，依赖，指望(=rely/count on/upon)
[应试指导] 交际用语It/That depends的考查
[多词一义] depend on，rely on，count on
depend on do...依靠某人做……
depending on取决于……
depend on it that...指望……;相信……
It/That (all) depends.视情况而定。
The cooking time needed depends on the size of the potato.
所需的烹饪时间取决于土豆的大小。
He depended on his writing for his income.
他靠写作赚取收入。
[夯实基础]
You can depend on him to help you.
(1)You can depend on it that he will help you.(用it作形式宾语改写句子)
(2)You can depend on his helping you.(用动名词改写句子)
4. on time准时;按时
in time及时
in no time立即，马上
at no time决不
at a time一次
at one time曾经;一度
keep time走得准;合拍
kill time消磨时间,
for the time being暂时
ahead of time提前
take one’s time别着急
Even if one makes a mistake，correcting mistakes in time is a good thing.
即使犯了错，及时改正也是一件好事。
[夯实基础]
用time的短语填空
(1)At no time did I feel they were being unreasonable.
(2)I want to be home in time for tea.
(3)You’d better do one thing at a time，so that you can concentrate on it.
(4)At one time，that kind of thing would have made me really angry.
5. put up建造，搭建;举起;留宿;提高;张贴;提出(意见等
[应试指导] 熟词新义的考查
put away把……收起来，放好;储存
put back放回原处;耽搁
put down放下;写下，记下;镇压
put up with忍受，忍耐
put on穿上;上演
In Picture 1，a man is trying to put up a banner on a lonely tree surrounded by stumps，but in vain.
在第一幅画中，一个男子正努力把一面横幅标语挂在一棵被树桩包围的树上，但没有成功。(江苏·书面表达)
Tall buildings have been put up，including classrooms，laboratory buildings and a library.
包括教室、实验楼和图书馆在内的许多大楼已经建起来了。(福建·书面表达)
[夯实基础]
写出下列句子中put up的汉语意思
(1)She put up a notice about the school trip to Italy.张贴
(2)Several of the banks have decided to put up their interest rates.提高
(3)I was soaked before I could put my umbrella up.举起
(4)Would you be able to put me up for the night when I come to London?留宿
(5)It was Clare who first put up the idea of a concert to raise money for the school.提出
(6)John was in the garden putting a fence up.建造，搭建
6. carry on (with) 继续;坚持
[应试指导] “carry+副词”类语境词义辨析
carry away拿走;冲走;吸引住
carry back将……送/带回原地;使某人记起
carry off赢得;获得
carry out执行;实施;履行;完成
carry through达成;贯彻;使渡过难关
Her bravery has given him the will to carry on with his life and his work.
她的勇气激发了他继续生活和工作的意愿。
She was yelling and screaming and carrying on.
她又喊又叫，嘴里说个不停。
[夯实基础]
用carry短语的适当形式填空
(1)Carry on with your work and try to get it finished while I’m away.
(2)The first thing to be done is to carry away the earth.
(3)Police say they believe the last week’s attacks were carried out by nationalists.
一、词汇过关
starve
【考纲释义】 vt.& vi. 使饿死;饿得要死
The proud man said he would starve rather than beg for food. 那个骄傲的人说他宁愿挨饿也不愿讨饭。
They starved the enemy into surrendering. 他们使敌人饿得投降了。
The homeless children were starved of love. 这些无家可归的孩子渴望得到爱。
【知识拓展】starve 表“感觉很饿”时,可用于进行时态。starve for sth.(= long for sth) 渴望获得某事物 starve to death 饿死
2. gain
【考纲释义】 vt. 获得;得到
He has gained rich experience in these years. 这些年来,他取得了丰富的经验。
The best way to learn is to put what we gain from books into practice. 最好的学习方法就是把我们从书本中获得的知识投入到实践中去。
【知识拓展】 gain 还可表示“赚得;挣得”,尤指因某种服务、劳动或工作而获得的。如:No pains no gains. 不劳无获。
3. gather
【考纲释义】 vt., vi. & n. 集合;聚集;搜集
A crowd gathered to see what had happened. 一群人聚拢起来看发生了什么事。
It was autumn, the time for Crusoe to gather his small harvest of corn. 秋天到了,是克鲁索收割他那一小块玉米的时候了。
For many Americans, Thanksgiving is the only time when all members of a family gather. The holiday is a time of family reunion. 对许多美国人来说,感恩节这一天是所有家庭成员欢聚一堂的难得时光。这个节日是家人团聚的时刻。
【知识拓展】 gather与collect辨析:gather 表示把分散的东西集中到一起,不仅可用于人和物,还可用于把抽象的东西,如力量、印象等聚集起来,也指采花、摘果、采蜜等;collect 则指精心地、仔细选择相似或有联系的东西,来变成有组织的整体的一部分。
4. award
【考纲释义】 n. 奖;奖品vt. 授予;判定
The Olympic winner received a gold medal as an award.奥林匹克的优胜者获得一枚金质奖章作为奖赏。
She has been awarded a scholarship to study at Harvard. 她获得了去哈佛大学读书的奖学金。
They awarded Mr. Brown the gold medal for his fine vegetables at the show. 因其优质的蔬菜展览,他们颁发给布朗先生金牌。
The court awarded custody of the child to the mother. 法院判定孩子的监护权给那位母亲。
【知识拓展】 award 用作可数名词时,指“奖品,奖金,奖赏”,侧重按法律与规定而给予的荣誉。用作及物动词时,常有下列搭配:award sb. sth. (for sth.)“(因)颁发给某人……”,be awarded sth. (for)“(因) 被授予……”。reward 可用作名词或动词,它的意思特指“报答,报偿,酬谢,奖赏”,重点在于对好行为或者功绩的报答、酬谢。常有下列搭配:receive sth. as a reward“因某事而获得奖赏”,reward sb. for“因……而酬谢 / 奖赏某人”;prize 也意为“奖品,奖金”,但它主要用于表示“获得几等奖”或“获奖金额”,特指在竞争、竞赛中获奖,常说win a prize for“因……而获……奖”。
5. apologize
【考纲释义】 vt. 道歉;辩白
I’m not speaking to you until you apologize. 我不会跟你说话,直到你向我道歉为止。
Harry apologized to his teacher for coming to school late. 哈利为上学迟到而向老师道歉。
I must apologize for myself. 我必须为自己辩白。
【知识拓展】 常用句型:apologize to sb.向某人道歉 apologize for sth. / doing sth.因(做了)某事而道歉apologize to sb. for sth. /doing sth. 因某事而向某人道歉
名词apology的相关搭配:make / offer an apology 道歉accept(refuse)an apology接受(拒绝)道歉
二、短语诠释
1. take place发生
Great changes have taken place since 1976. 1976年以来发生了巨大的变化。
In 1919, the May 4th Movement took place in China.1919年,中国发生了五四运动。
【知识拓展】 happen“偶然发生”,指一切客观事物或情况的偶然或未能预见地发生,主语为“事”,相当于不及物动词,没有被动语态;happen to do意为“碰巧”;take place相当于不及物动词,没有被动语态,指事先计划或预想到的事情的发生;break out 仅用于负面场合,多指灾难、战争、疾病等现象的突然发生,同样也没有被动语态;come about属于中性词语。既可用于表达正面事物的发生,又可用于表达负面事物的发生。
2. dress up (in)(使) 盛装;(使)打扮;装饰
We are supposed to dress up as movie characters for the party, what a novel idea! 我们在晚会上要装扮得像电影中的角色,这是一个多么新奇的主意啊!
We dressed up for the school ball on Christmas day. 我们为参加学校的圣诞舞会而盛装打扮。
She dress up in Elizabethan costume for the fancy?鄄dress ball. 她穿上伊丽莎白的服装去参加化妆舞会。
【知识拓展】 dress sb.给某人穿衣;dress oneself 给自己穿衣服;dress in 穿什么衣服
be dressed(in)表示穿着状况
3. play a trick (on sb.) / play tricks (on sb.) 捉弄某人;开某人玩笑
If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them. 如果邻居什么糖也不给,那么孩子们就可以捉弄他们了。
It is acceptable to play tricks on your friends on April 1st. 4月1日那天,同朋友们开玩笑是可以接受的。
【知识拓展】 play a joke on sb.戏弄某人 have a joke with sb.与某人说笑话 make a joke about sb. or sth.拿某人或某事说笑话 laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人 make fun of sb.取笑某人
4. look forward to 盼望;期待
We look forward to the return of spring. 我们期待着春天的到来。
People look forward to seeing more excellent players play basketball abroad. 人们期望看到更多的优秀球员到国外去打篮球。
【知识拓展】 以look为中心的一些短语: look after 照料look out 注意;当心 look up 查到;抬头看 look over 翻阅;浏览 look into 调查look up to 仰慕;尊敬 look down upon轻视;看不起
5. keep one’s word 守信用;履行诺言
Once you give someone a promise, you should make it no matter what will happen. This is what is called keep one’s word. 一旦你给了别人承诺,无论发生什么事,你都得实现它,这个就叫“守诺言”。
He always keeps his word. 他一直守信用。
【知识拓展】与word 有关的一些短语: eat one’s words 认错;收回前言并道歉have a word with sb. 与某人谈话have words with sb. 和某人吵架in other words换句话说 in a word 简而言之,概括地说 word for word 逐词地;原原本本地
三、句式详解
1. In India there is a national festival on October 2 to honour Mahatma Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence. 在印度,十月二日是一个全国性的节日,该节日就是纪念帮助他们获得了印度独立的领袖甘地的。
句中关系代词who引导的定语从句修饰Mahatma Gandhi的同位语the leader。同位语指的是句子中指代同一事物的词语、短语或从句,它和其前的名词构成同位关系。例如:
Mr Li, my English teacher, will be leaving on Tuesday, October 1. 李先生,我的英语老师,将于星期二,即10月1日离开。(My English teacher是Mr Li的同位语)
In this chapter we shall make use of only two of Newton’s laws, the first and the third. 本章我们将只使用牛顿的两个定律:第一定律和第三定律。(the first and the third为two of Newton’s laws的同位语)
同位语可以由名词从句担当。同位语从句中的that并不是从句结构中的一个成分,而是一个连接词,只起连接作用,无具体词义,但一般不能省略。例如:
The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people. 计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。
The news that I have passed the exam is true.我通过了考试这一消息是真的。
2. The country is covered with cherry tree flowers so that it looks as though it might be covered with pink snow. 乡村掩映在樱桃花里,它看起来仿佛被粉红色的雪所覆盖。
as though意为“似乎;好像”,在句中引导表语从句。在通常情况下,as though所引导的从句的谓语动词多用虚拟语气,表示所叙述的情况与事实相反。例如:
Why is she looking at me as though she knew me?她为什么那样看着我?像是认识我似的。
He stood there looking at the train and laughing, as though to miss a train was the best joke in the world.他站在那里,望着火车哈哈大笑,好像误了火车是天底下最开心的事儿似的。
so that既可引导目的状语从句,也可引导结果状语从句,可以由以下几点进行区分:
1) 当表达“为了……”、“以便……”的含义时,引导的是目的状语从句;当表达“以至于……”、“因此”的含义时,引导的是结果状语从句。如:
If you do know, answer in a loud enough voice so that all the class may hear. 如果你的确知道,应大声回答,以便让全班同学都可以听见。
It rained hard the day before yesterday, so that she had to stay at home. 前天雨下得很大,因此她只好呆在家里。
2) 当从句的谓语动词有情态动词can, could, may, might, should等时,是目的状语从句;当从句里没有情态动词,且谓语动词是一般现在时、一般过去时或现在完成时等时态时,引导的是结果状语从句。如:
We stopped at Salt Lake City so that we could visit the monument to seagulls. 我们在盐湖城逗留是为了可以参观为海鸥修的纪念碑。
They have walked a long distance so that they are all tired. 他们走了很长的路,所以都很累。
3) 当so that之前有逗号时,引导的是结果状语从句;反之,引导的是目的状语从句。如:
You didn’t plan your revision well, so that you didn’t pass the exam. 你没有好好地按计划复习,结果你没考及格。
The teacher must speak slowly so that the students may understand him. 那位老师必须讲得慢些,以便所有的学生可以理解。
Sense of crisis means when you are in a comfortable situation and can’t feel anything bad would happen, but you have to have the feeling that the comfortable situation would not last forever and you need to make preparation in advance. Do not ignore it. It is very important and necessary.
It is common that people are easy to get lost and get used to while they are in a comfortable situation for a long time. When something happens, they will lose their head. It will be hard for them to deal with. For example, Lucy is very good at English. With the talent in English, she only need to put a little attention on that subject, she can get be the No. 1. Then she is very proud and never work hard on that subject. However, she finds that she is not in the first place for a long time, and several classmates have done better than her. The result of her is because she does not have the sense of crisis.
一、Teaching Aims 教学目标
Teaching contains
From page 33-35
et language语言目标
a. 重点词汇和短语
period, advise…on, continue, fee, fare, gold, be worried about, out of work, stage, vote, position, accept, violence, as a matter of fact, blow up, put in prison, equal, make + O + adj, imagine, in one way, blankets, degree, allow sb to do, guard, stop from, educated, come to power, beg for, terror, fear, cruelty, reward, rights, be proud to do.
b. 重点句子
It was in 1952 and he had opened a black law firm to advise poor black people on their problems. P34
After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine. P34
He told me how to get the correct papers so I could in Johannesburg. P34
ity goals 能力目标
Talk about great people
Express your points of view
Use the Attributive Clause with prep. Or the Relative Adverbs: Where, when, and why
Learn to write a passage about a great person.
ning ability goals 学能目标
Improve the Ss’ abilities of listening and speaking.
Enable the Ss to understand the important events completely.
Enable the Ss to get a good mastery of some words and expressions.
Enable the Ss to learn about the expressions of some famous people
Enable the students to learn how to talk about the famous great people.
二、. Teaching important points 教学重点
Understand the real meaning of the hero / heroine
Who is your hero / heroine ?
Why do you like him / her so much ?
三、Teaching difficult points 教学难点
The Attributive Clause ( 2 ) --- where, when, why.
Use the Attributive Clause with prep. Or the Relative Adverbs: Where, when, and why
Learn to write a passage about a great person.
四、Teaching methods 教学方法
Fast reading and careful reading
Asking and answering activity to check the student’s understanding of the text.
Individual, pair or group work to finish each other
Discussion
五、Teaching aids 教具准备
Slide projector, Tape-recorder, computer
六、Teaching procedures and ways 教学过程
Step 1 Revision
Go over what has been learned in the last period.
Who do you admire greatly? Yao ming Luxun Newton
Step 2 Background about some characters
William Tyndale
William Tyndale ( 1484-1536 ) was a 16th century priest and scholar who translated the Bible into an early form of Modern English. Although numerous partial and complete English translations had been made from the 7th century onward, Tyndale’s was the first to take advantage of the new medium of print, which allowed for its wide distribution. Beside translating the Bible, he also held and published views which were considered heretical, first by the Catholic Church, and later by the Church of England which was established by Henry VIII. Because his Bible translation also include notes and commentary promoting these views. His translation was banned by the authorities, and he himself was burned at the stake in 1536, at the instigation of agents of Henry VIII and the Anglican Church .
Gandhi
Gandhi ( Oct,2 1869- Jan, 30, 1948 ) was one of the founding fathers of the modern Indian state and an influential advocate of pacifism as a means of revolution. He helped bring about India’s independence from British rule, inspiring other colonial peoples to work for their own independence and ultimately dismantle the British Empire and replace it with the Commonwealth principle of satyagraha , often roughly translated as “ way of truth ”, has inspired generations of democratic anti-racist activities including Martin Luther King , Jr and Nelson Mandela . He often stated his values were simple: truth and non –violence.
Neil Alden Armstrong
Neil Alden Armstrong ( Aug, 5 1930 ) is an American pilot , astronaut, and the first person to walk on the moon was born in Wapakoneta , Ohio and served in the Korean War as a jet fighter pilot for the US. Navy. He attended Purdue University, where he was a member of a fraternity, Phi Delta Theta , and received a Bachelor of Science degree in 1955. The he became a civilian test pilot for NASA and piloted the 4000 mi/h X-15 rocket plane. From 1960 to 1962 he was a pilot involved in the cancelled U.S During the actual mission, he took manual control of the Lunar Module Eagle and piloted it away from a rocky area to a safe landing. Several hours later he climbed out of the LM and became the first person to flub line on the moon, with the words “That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.”
Abraham Lincoln
President Abraham Lincoln, the sixteenth president of the United States (1861- 1865 )
Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein is one of the greatest scientists of the century in the world. He was born in Germany. His theory in physics helped the world to know more about the universe. So he was given the Noble Prize in 1921. However , in 1930s , because of Hitler’s rule, he was forced to leave his homeland and go to the U.S.A. He lived the rest of his life there and died in 1955, at the age of 76.
Marie Curie
Marie Curie ( 1867- 1934 ) , Polish scientist , ws born in Warsaw , on Nov 7th , 1867 , and died in France, on 4th July 1934. She graduated in Mathematics and Physical Science and got married in 1895 with the French physicist , Pierre Curie. During her work , the Curie couple discovered a new radioactive element named polonium in honor to Marie’s homeland . Together with Becquerel, she obtained the Noble Prize for Physics in 1903. She founded the Radium Institute of Paris , and was the main responsible until her death. In 1911 she was awarded the Noble Prize for Chemistry.
Sun Yatwen
Sun Yatwen ( Sun Yixian , Sun Zhongshan , SunWen 1866- 1925 ) is considered the founding father of modern China. Born in a peasant family . He was accorded the appellant of “ pioneer of the revolution ”
Qian Xuesen
He is widely considered as the “ father of the Chinese space program ”. As one of the leading rocket engineers at the California Institute of Technology. In the 1990s , he , who had worked on top-secret projects all his life, become one of the most well – known intellectuals.
Step 3 Reading
Get the students to comprehend the passage quickly and accurately, and
meanwhile help the Ss to form a good habit of reading. Read the passage on P34 to
get the answers to Part 1 and Part 2 of comprehending.
Silent reading
Read the text through in 3 mins, and then try to find the main idea of the text:
It tells us sth. that happened before Read the passage on Page 34 to get the answers to Part 1 and Part 2 of comprehending. ( 5 mins )
Understanding ideas
1. Why did Elias support Nelson Mandela?
2. What problems did Elias have?
3. Why did he support violence when he did not agree with it?
4. What would you have done if you were Elias?
Discussion of ideas
Here are some possible questions students could talk about:
1. Why did the white people not treat black people fairly in South Africa?
2. How do you think the white people stopped the black people from being treated fairly?
3. Is it right for some people in one country to treat other people in the same country differently?
一、教学设计意图
在《高中英语新课程标准》中讲到“高中英语课程要有利于学生优化英语学习方式，使他们通过观察、体验、探究等积极主动的学习方法，充分发挥自己的学习潜能，形成有效的学习策略，提高自主学习的能力；要有利于学生学会运用多种媒体和信息源，拓宽学习渠道并形成具有个性的学习方法和风格。”把信息技术作为英语教学的认知工具和知识载体，围绕英语学科知识进行整合实验，不仅可以扩大英语阅读的“面”和“量”，而且也培养了学生诸如“信息的获取、信息的重组和加工以及信息的交流”等多种信息素养。网络学习是一种学习过程交互化的学习模式。学生带着问题借助网络查询信息，进行信息交流，由此“任务驱动、自主探究、协作交流”等学习策略在这里得到了更充分的体现。使教师把信息技术和网络作为自己真正的工具，把信息技术融入学科教学中来。
二、教学目标设计：
知识与技能：①掌握快速阅读的方法，熟悉“发表看法，提出建议”的口语技能。②充分利用网络资源，强化学生自主学习的意识，培养学生组织语言、运用语言的能力。
过程与方法：①培养学生筛选局部和整体信息的能力和独立阅读能力，通过自主学习和协作学习，获取信息和处理信息的能力。②培养学生质疑意识，分析问题、解决问题、综合问题的能力和创造性思维能力。
情感价值观：通过本节课的学习，培养学生的人文和信息素养。
三、教材内容及重点、难点分析：
教材内容：本课教学内容是新课标《高中英语必修3 Unit 5》，Canada---The True North 与以往接触过的介绍国家的文章相比，本课的内容没有整体介绍加拿大的地理概况和风土人情，而是透过一个旅人的眼睛来看加拿大。相比较而言，这样的课文难度更大。
教学重点：①对课文内容的整体把握。
②学生组织语言、运用语言的.能力。【重点突破】任务驱动，层层深入。利用“任务驱动”方法，使学生利用资源自主探究、解决一系列层层深入的问题。在教学中，教师作为问题的精心设计者和疑难问题的点拨者，培养学生组织语言的能力。
教学难点：①对课文内容中细节的理解。
②对网上各种信息源的比较筛选，及学生易受无关因素的干扰而导致的学习效率问题。【难点突破】设置情境，循序渐进，层层递进。设置富有情趣的情境，激发他们的阅读欲望，积极主动地进行自主探究。循序渐进的设计问题 , 激发学生的创造思维，层层深入地引导学生进行自主和协作学习。
四、教学策略及教法设计：
【教学策略】
①本节课的教学以建构主义学习理论为指导，以学生为中心，以问题为出发点，使课堂教学过程成为学生自主地进行信息加工、知识意义构建、创新能力发展的过程。教师在教学过程中则适时介入，引导、启发、组织、帮助、促进。②设计创造性思维问题。所谓创造性思维问题即是指有利于学生创造性思维发展的问题。创造性思维问题的设计应遵循这样几个原则：题型具有开放性、解题富有挑战性。
【教法】
①演示法：把制作的课件、动画等显示给学生看，便于学生对微观知识的把握，并从旧知中获得启迪，从而解决问题。②评价阅读法：将学生通过对材料的收集、整理和内化而形成的学习成果，在全班学生中展示，使学生获得成功的喜悦，从而激发学生的后续学习热情。③任务驱动教学法：将所要学习的新知识隐含在一个或几个问题之中，学生通过对所提的任务进行分析、讨论，并在老师的指导、帮助下找出解决问题的方法，最后通过任务的完成而实现对所学知识的意义建构。
五、教学过程设计：
第一步：热身活动：猜单词。在这个步骤中，我给出两组前一节课学过的词，分别让两组同学上来猜。所采用的方式类似于《幸运52》：单词是出现在屏幕上的，其中一个同学背对着屏幕，他是猜者；另一个同学则是解释者，他要用英语或辅以动作将单词的意思表现出来。两组同学之间展开竞争，看谁猜得又快又多。这个活动不仅可以复习上节课的内容，更重要的是活跃了课堂气氛，令同学们很快融入课堂氛围。
第二步：读前活动（一）：自由展示。在上这一课之前，我给学生布置的预习任务是介绍你最想去的地方。Which country or place would you like to visit most? Why?学生们自由组成小组，上网查找相关资料，然后对所搜集的信息进行整理，最后形成自己的powerpoint展示文件。在课堂上，由本小组的发言代表上来进行展示和介绍。这一环节是这节课的重头戏。
第三步：读前活动（二）：自由交谈。给学生提出这样一个问题：如果你有机会去加拿大，你最想看什么？If you have a chance to visit Canada, what would you expect to see there?先要求他们在小组内讨论，然后再在全班同学面前发言。
第四步：读前活动（三）：小组讨论。经过了前面的大量的有关加拿大的信息的冲击，你愿意用哪三个词语来描述加拿大？What three words would you use to describe Canada? Why? 请小组代表发言。
第五步：加拿大概况综述。这一步骤是对上几个步骤的总结，同时也是教师整合并优化了有关加拿大的各种信息所进行的展示。目的是进一步加深同学们对加拿大的了解，对他们所获取的知识进行梳理，也为下一个步骤展开铺垫。
第六步：略读课文。（first reading）在这个步骤中，我给出了8个问题，让同学们带着这8个问题来阅读课文。读完后回答问题。
are the cousins not flying direct to the Atlantic coast?
is the continent they are crossing?
is “The True North”?
do many people want to live in Vancouver?
happens at the Calgary Stampede?
e does wheat grow in Canada?
would ship be able to reach the centre of Canada?
two natural resources that Canada has.
第七步：精读课文。(second reading) 在这个步骤中，我给出了5个跟课文内容有关的句子，让同学们判断正误。如果该句是错的，请给出正确答案。
girls went to Canada to see their relatives in Montreal.
y Lin was going to drive them to Vancouver.
can cross Canada in less than five days by bicycle.
girls looked out the windows and saw Native Indians and cowboys.
der Bay is a port city in the south of Canada, near Toronto.
第八步：复述课文(retelling) 给出课文中的关键词汇，让同学们用自己的话来复述课文。
Helpful words and expressions
great scenery
second largest
go eastward
mountains/lakes/forests/rivers
5,500/from west to east
here in Vancouver
surrounded by
ski/sail
第九步：口头作文(oral practice) 设定一个情境，给出一些关键词汇，让同学们模仿课文来编一段对话或一篇短文。
Suppose two of your cyber pals in Canada come to visit Shenzhen and you are meeting them at the airport. While you are driving them home, you are telling them something about China and Shenzhen, just as what Danny Lin said in the text.
Work in groups. You are required to present either a short passage or a short dialogue.
Helpful words and expressions
great scenery
third largest
go northward
mountains/lakes/forests/rivers
from south to north
here in Shenzhen
along the coast
theme parks
第十步：作业布置。要求学生将第九步中的口头作文写出来，变成书面作文。
Write down the short passage or the short dialogue that you’ve just worked out.
六、教学反思
本节课是新课标《高中英语必修3 Unit 5》，我将本节课设计为竞赛、导入、个人探究、互动交流、协作探究和讨论及口头作文等九个步骤。我充分发挥自制网络课件的优势，使本节课的内容更加充实，容量更多。既贯通了所要学的知识，又拓展了课外知识，使得本节课学生在学习过程中兴趣更加浓厚 , 积极地自主探究，讨论问题热烈，课堂气氛活跃！现将课堂教学反思总结如下：
（一）信息技术与英语学科整合方面
1、信息技术与英语学科内容的整合。网络是信息的海洋、包罗万象的课本 , 把信息技术作为英语教学的认知工具和知识载体，围绕英语学科知识进行整合实验，不仅可以扩大英语阅读的“面”和“量”，而且也培养了学生诸如“信息的获取、信息的重组和加工以及信息的交流”等多种信息素养。
2、信息技术与英语学习模式的整合。网络学习是一种学习过程交互化的学习模式。学生带着问题借助网络查询信息，进行信息交流，由此“任务驱动、自主探究、协作交流”等学习策略在这里得到了更充分的体现。
（二）英语课堂教学方面
本节课英语教学中以问题为线索，采用“任务驱动”方法，让学生自主探究和协作探究为主，培养学生的自主学习能力。故本人在这节课中通过安排学生的个人探索、协作学习、讨论等各种形式来激发学生学习兴趣，主动阅读，有创造性的完成任务。让学生在教师的指导下，通过感知、体验、实践，参与和合作等方式，实现任务的目标，感受成功：在学习过程中进行情感和策略调整，以形成积极的学习态度，促进语言实际运用能力的提高。采用师生交流方式导入自然亲切，拉近了师生之间的情感距离，营造出宽松的学习气氛，同时让学生了解有关加拿大的相关内容。根据教师提出的一系列问题，学生自主搜索与加拿大相关的信息资料，然后以个人探究和协作学习相结合，并以各种的形式展示交流成果。本人这节课安排探究和讨论过程中的观点汇总等形式鼓励学生借助小组活动的形式来合作，来表达，来思考。能使学生在活动中互相学习、互相帮助，互相鼓励，体验集体荣誉感和成就感，发展合作精神。
（三）存在问题：
1、在口头作文这个环节里，学生们都非常积极踊跃，但由于时间关系，没能让任何一对同学展示他们的对话或短文。这是这堂课的一个缺陷。
2、在第二个教学步骤中，学生们的展示有少少的雷同部分。如果我在上课前仔细审核他们的作品，再适当地调配和整合他们所搜集到的信息，那效果将会更好。
词组：because of
come up come up with come in come on come out
actually in fact as a matter of fact in reality
be based on
at present
make use of make full/good use of
such as
play a part/role in
recognize…as
more than one+谓语用单数
at the end of in the end at an end
voyage tour travel journey
than ever before
even if/though
communicate with
those+定语从句用who
1600’s 1980s in+物主代词+数字的复数in his forties
the former the latter
a number of the number of
make sense
usage VS use
believe it or not
there is no such+名词(不加冠词)
the way+in which/that/省略
especially specially
straight adj/adv
(一)、some与any的用法
用于肯定句以及表示建议或期待得到肯定回答的问句。修饰单数名词时，意为某个。如：I have some questions about the assignment. (希望得到肯定答复)。
2. any用于否定句和疑问句时，表示一些。用于肯定句时，只和单数名词或不可数名词连用，表示任何。如：The medicine is on sale every where. You can get it at any chemist?s.
(二) 、 each与every的用法
1. each强调个体，表示两个或两个以上中的每一个，在句中可充当主语、宾语、定语和同位语。如：There are trees and flowers at each side of the road.
2. every强调整体，表示三者或三者以上中的每一个，只能作定语，不能说every of them，要说every one of them y student in our class works hard.
(三)、 no one与none的用法
1. no one意为没有人，只能指人，不能指物，不可与介词of连用，谓语动词用单数形式，回答who引导的问句。如：Who is in the classroom? No one.
2. none既可指人，也可指物，强调数量，意为一点也不，一个也不;谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数;常与of连用，通常指三者以上的人或物中没有一个，回答how much和how many引导的问句。如：They were all tired，but none of them would stop to have a rest.
学识谷
