2016年12月英語六級考試將在12月17日開考，為了幫助廣大同學高效備考，下面是yjbys網小編提供給大家關於大學英語六級考試模擬題，希望對大家的備考有所幫助。
Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled College Students on the Job Market. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.
1.當今大學生面臨著嚴重的就業壓力
2.這一現象的產生有多方面的原因
3.解決的辦法
College Students on the Job Market _________________________________________________________________________
Part I Writing
【寫作思路】
本文是關於對某種社會現象的討論，探討其原因，並提供解決問題的方案。畢業生就業壓力大，是目前比較熱門的話題，媒體、社會以及學生本人都會時 不時的討論，所以文章難度不是很大。文章開篇提出就業壓力大的問題，畢業生越來越多，而就業市場卻保持穩定，兩者之間的不平衡，導致畢業生面臨越來越大的就業壓力。第二段討論出現這種問題的原因。第一方面，從巨集觀上來看，整個世界的經濟危機影響了就業市場;第二方面，從學校招生來看，熱門專業人數過多，結果供過於求，而冷門專業學生很少，結果供不應求。第三段針對第二段的原因，探討相應的解決方案。從政府的角度出發，要儘可能的採取各種手段幫助經濟恢復， 幫助學生就業;從個人角度出發，要學會自主選擇，不追潮流，學習自己感興趣的，努力提高自身素質，增強競爭能力。
【參考範文】
More and more graduates are going out of universities and entering into the society every year while the demand on the job market remains stable. The college students are facing greater and greater pressure in job-hunting.
There are many reasons behind the current phenomenon. To begin with, the economy has been confronted with depression in recent years on a global level, and it takes time for the worldwide economy to recover. What's more, there is an element of irrationality in the enrollment of the campuses. Some hot majors have enrolled too many students, and many people compete for one position after graduation, whereas the majors with little attention have few students, and more graduates are needed than the campus can supply.
The solution to this problem lies with both the government as a whole and the individual in specific. The government takes whatever measures possible to help the economy recover and to create more job opportunities for the applicants. And for the individual students, it is better to study what they are interested in and to gain experience through practice, thus better prepared for the society.
Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Will Electronic Medical Records Improve Health Care?
Electronic health records (EHRs) have received a lot of attention since the Obama administration committed $19 billion in stimulus funds earlier this year to encourage hospitals and health care facilities to digitize patient data and make better use of information technology. The healthcare industry as a whole, however, has been slow to adopt information technology and integrate computer systems, raising the question of whether the push to digitize will result in information that empowers doctors to make better-informed decisions or a morass of disconnected data.
The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) knows firsthand how difficult it is to achieve the former, and how easily an EHR plan can fall into the latter. UPMC has spent five years and more than $1 billion on information technology systems to get ahead of the EHR issue. While that is more than five times as much as recent estimates say it should cost a hospital system, UPMC is a mammoth network consisting of 20 hospitals as well as 400 doctors' offices, outpatient sites and long-term care facilities employing about 50,000 people.
UPMC's early attempts to create a universal EHR system, such as its ambulatory electronic medical records rolled out between 2000 and 2005, were met with resistance as doctors, staff and other users either avoided using the new technology altogether or clung to individual, disconnected software and systems that UPMC's IT department had implemented over the years.
On the mend
Although UPMC began digitizing some of its records in 1996, the turning point in its efforts came in 2004 with the rollout of its eRecord system across the entire health care network. eRecord now contains more than 3.6 million electronic patient records, including images and CT scans, clinical laboratory information, radiology data, and a picture archival and communication system that digitizes images and makes them available on PCs. The EHR system has 29,000 users, including more than 5,000 physicians employed by or affiliated with UPMC.
If UPMC makes EHR systems look easy, don't be fooled, cautions UPMC chief medical information officer Dan Martich, who says the health care network's IT systems require a "huge, ongoing effort" to ensure that those systems can communicate with one another. One of the main reasons is that UPMC, like many other health care organizations, uses a number of different vendors for its medical and IT systems, leaving the integration largely up to the IT staff.
Since doctors typically do not want to change the way they work for the sake of a computer system, the success of an EHR program is dictated not only by the presence of the technology but also by how well the doctors are trained on, and use, the technology. Physicians need to see the benefits of using EHR systems both persistently and consistently, says Louis Baverso, chief information officer at UPMC's Magee-Women's Hospital. But these benefits might not be obvious at first, he says, adding, "What doctors see in the beginning is that they're losing their ability to work with paper documents, which has been so valuable to them up until now."
Opportunities and costs
Given the lack of EHR adoption throughout the health care world, there are a lot of opportunities to get this right (or wrong). Less than 10 percent of U.S. hospitals have adopted electronic medical records even in the most basic way, according to a study authored by Ashish Jha, associate professor of health policy and management at Harvard School of Public Health. Only 1.5 percent have adopted a comprehensive system of electronic records that includes physicians' notes and orders and decision support systems that alert doctors of potential drug interactions or other problems that might result from their intended orders.
Cost is the primary factor stalling EHR systems, followed by resistance from physicians unwilling to adopt new technologies and a lack of staff with adequate IT expertise, according to Jha. He indicated that a hospital could spend from $20 million to $200 million to implement an electronic record system over several years, depending on the size of the hospital. A typical doctor's office would cost an estimated $50,000 to outfit with an EHR system.
The upside of EHR systems is more difficult to quantify. Although some estimates say that hospitals and doctor's offices could save as much as $100 million annually by moving to EHRs, the mere act of implementing the technology guarantees neither cost savings nor improvements in care, Jha said during a Harvard School of Public Health community forum on September 17. Another Harvard study of hospital computerization likewise determined that cutting costs and improving care through health IT as it exists today is "wishful thinking". This study was led by David Himmelstein, associate professor at Harvard Medical School.
The cost of getting it wrong
The difference between the projected cost savings and the reality of the situation stems from the fact that the EHR technologies implemented to date have not been designed to save money or improve patient care, says Leonard D'Avolio, associate center director of Biomedical Informatics at the Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC). Instead, EHRs are used to document individual patients' conditions, pass this information among clinicians treating those patients, justify financial reimbursement and serve as the legal records of events.
This is because, if a health care facility has $1 million to spend, its managers are more likely to spend it on an expensive piece of lab equipment than on information technology, D'Avolio says, adding that the investment on lab equipment can be made up by charging patients access to it as a billable service. This is not the case for IT. Also, computers and networks used throughout hospitals and health care facilities are disconnected and often manufactured by different vendors without a standardized way of communicating. "Medical data is difficult to standardize because caring for patients is a complex process," he says. "We need to find some way of reaching across not just departments but entire hospitals. If you can't measure something, you can't improve it, and without access to this data, you can't measure it."
To qualify for a piece of the $19 billion being offered through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), healthcare facilities will have to justify the significance of their IT investments to ensure they are "meaningful users" of EHRs. The Department of Health and Human Services has yet to define what it considers meaningful use
Aggregating info to create knowledge
Ideally, in addition to providing doctors with basic information about their patients, databases of vital signs, images, laboratory values, medications, diseases, interventions, and patient demographic information could be mined for new knowledge, D'Avolio says. "With just a few of these databases networked together, the power to improve health care increases exponentially," D'Avolio suggested. "All that is missing is the collective realization that better health care requires access to better information—not automation of the status quo." Down the road, the addition of genomic information, environmental factors and family history to these databases will enable clinicians to begin to realize the potential of personalized medicine, he added.
1. In America, it is slow to adopt information technology because —————.
A) the funds invested by the government is not enough in the past
B) EHRs have received less attention of the public in the past
C) whether it will be useful to doctors or not is doubtful
D) UPMC knows how difficult it is to digitize the hospital
2. The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) —————.
A) is the first medical center to adopt information technology
B) satisfy the requirement of the government on information technology
C) spent less money on information technology than it was estimated
D) attempted to created a universal EHR system, but met some difficulties
3. The health care network’s IT systems require a lot of effort to ensure it can communicate with one another mainly because —————..
A) the integration among different system is largely up to the IT staff
B) UPMC is like many other health care organizations in the United States
C) UPMC makes EHR systems look easy
D) UMPC began digitizing some of its records in 1996
4. The success of the EHR program is decided by —————..
A) the fact whether the information technology is available or not
B) the fact how well the doctors are trained to use the information technology
C) not only the presence of the technology but the doctor’s training on technology
D) the fact whether physicians can see the benefits of using EHR systems
5. The most important reason of most hospitals being reluctant to adopt EHR system is that —————.
A) the cost is too high for the hospital to afford
B) physicians are unwilling to adopt it
C) there is a lack of staff with adequate IT expertise
D) doctor worry about its negative influence on patients
6. According to the study led by David Himmelstein through health IT —————.
A) it is possible to cut the costs of the hospital
B) it is possible to improve the health care
C) it ensure neither cost saving nor improvement in care
D) it could save as much as $100 million annually
7. The hospital’s managers prefer to —————.
A) spend money on an expensive piece of equipment than on information technology
B) charge patients access to the information technology as a billable service
C) purchase the information technology to improve the health care of the hospital
D) invest more money on the training of the physicians to charge patients more money
8. Jha said the mere act of implementing the technology guarantees ______________________.
9. D'Avolio says the investment on lab equipment can be made up by_____________________.
10. Databases of vital signs, images, laboratory values, medications, diseases, interventions, and patient demographic information could be ____________________.
學識谷
