定語從句的關係詞
一.什麼是從屬複合句
在第七講（坐標語法）裡講到，英句子的特點是：詞可以做句子成分，短語可以做句子成分，句子也可以做句子成分，成分中還可以有成分，從句中還可以有從句。簡單地說，從屬複合句就是用一個句子做另一個句子的成分，被用做句子成分的句子就是從句，另一個句子就是主句。既然從句是用做句子成分，我們可以以句子成分來對從句進行分類，也可以按詞性來對從句進行分類。按詞性分，從句可分為：形容詞性從句，名詞性從句與副詞性從句三大類；按句子成分來分，可分為：定語從句，狀語從句，主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句和同位語從句六種。
二.定語從句與關係詞的功能
定語從句起到形容詞或限定詞的語法作用，在句中修飾或限定某一個名詞或代詞，一般置於其所修飾或限定的詞後面。被定語從句修飾的'詞叫做先行詞，引導定語從句的詞叫關係詞，關係詞的作用一是起到連線從句作用，並在從句中充一定的語法成分，關係詞要與先行詞保持數的一致,二是關係詞的表意功能取決於先行詞即，關係詞的含義是指代先行詞，連線定語從句的連線詞之所以叫關係詞，就是與先行詞產生關係之意。在關係詞的選擇上，我們要考慮關係詞這兩個方面的作用即，關係詞的語法 功能與表意功能。
三. 例題解析
1. Many countries are now setting up national parks ________ animals and plants can be protected.
A. when B. which C. whose D. where
解析：定語從句不缺句子主幹成分，從語法 功能上講不能選關係代詞B。從表意功能上看，先行詞是national parks，因此答案選D。
2. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _______ lives were affected.
A. whose B. that C. who D. which
解析：本題定語從句的主語是生活（lives），不缺句子主幹成分，從語法 功能上講不能選關係代詞BCD三個選項，固選A ，用來whose 限定lives。
3. Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.
A. whom B. who C. what D. which
解析：本題定語從句明顯缺主語，不能選A 關係代詞who的賓格形式 ，C what為名詞性從句中的代詞，剩下BC兩個關係代詞，再看先行詞是 those指的是那些人，固選B。
4. He wrote a letter ______ he explains what had happened in the accident.
A. what B. which C. where D. how
解析：本題定語從句不缺句子主幹成分，從語法 功能上講不能選關係代詞B，從表意功能上看，先行詞為letter，意思是在信中他解釋說，固選C。
5. There is no simple answer; _____ is often the case in science.
A. as B. that C. when D. where
解析：本題定語從句明顯缺主語，所以不能選C和D，從句的意思是就如在科學中那樣子，含有如，像之意固選A。
6. Finally he reached a lonely island _________ was completely cut off from the outside world.
A. when B. where C. which D. whom
解析：本題定語從句明顯缺主語，固不能選A與B，先 行詞為island，是指處所，所以選C。
7. _________is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
A. It B. That C . What D. As
解析：本題與第五題相同，選D
8. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _____ they live.
A. what B. which C. when D. where
解析：本題定語從句不缺句子主幹成分，live為不及物動詞。先行詞是the environment，意思是我們住在這個環境裡，固選D。
9. We have launched another man-made satellite, _________ is announced in today’s newspaper.
A. that B. which C. who D. what
解析：本題定語從句明顯缺主語，D不能選，因為what不是定語從句中的代詞。本題沒有具體的先行詞，在非限定性定語從句中，關係詞可指代主句所指的事，所以不能選C。非限定性定語從句，當要用到指物的關係代詞時，不能用that，固選B。
10. When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house _________ I would be staying.
A. what B. when C. where D. which
解析：
本題定語從句不缺句子主幹成分，stay為不及物動詞。先行詞為the house，表處所，固先C。
四．定語從句考考你（用適當的關係詞填空）
1. Many countries are now setting up national parks ________ animals and plants can be protected.
2. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _______ lives were affected.
3. Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.
4. He wrote a letter ______ he explains what had happened in the accident.
5. There is no simple answer, _____ is often the case in science.
6. Finally he reached a lonely island _________ was completely cut off from the outside world.
7. _________ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
8. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _____ they live.
9. We have launched another man-made satellite, _________is announced in today’s newspaper.
10. When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house _________I would be staying.
11.” You can’t judge a book by its cover”, _________the old saying goes.
12. The children, all of ______ had played the whole day long, were worn out.
13. The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform ______ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.
14. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of _________ are family members.
15. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, _________made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.
16. It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.
17. Opposite is St. Paul’s Church, ________ you can hear some lovely music.
18. He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of ________ were published in the 1990s.
19. Creating an atmosphere ________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
20. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere in ______ his employees enjoy their work.
21. The books on the desk, ________ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
22. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent.
23. China Today attracts a worldwide readership, _______ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
24. The number of smokers, _____ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
25. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon______ school education depends.
學識谷
