1. account for 解释
Variations of claycomposition and the temperatures at which they are fired account for thedifferences in texture and appearance.
2.a couple of 两三个，几个
Although he thought ofthe key idea in 1951, the first maser was not completed until a couple of yearslater.
3. adapt to 使适应于
They have been able toadapt to ecological changes.
4, adorn with sth 用…装饰
Somepots were adorned with incised or stamped decorations.
alto 吸引
Publishing literatureconsisting of exciting stories that would appeal to both children and adults
y to 适用于
Ethological theorybegan to be applied to research on children in the 1960’s.
best 充其量，最多
Hunting is at best aprecarious way of procuring food, even when the diet is supplemented with seedsand fruits.
intervals 相隔一定距离
However, at intervalsof 10 to 100 years, these glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster thanusual.
the expense of sth在损害…的情况下
A multitude ofmicroorganisms make their livings directly at the expense of other creatures.
the height of sth在…最鼎盛时期
The violin had reachedthe height of its popularity by the middle of the eighteenth century. and forth 来回地 They then spiral back and forth betweenthe Earth's magnetic poles very rapidly.
absent from 缺席，不在 Lacking the right to vote and absent from the seats of power, womenline were not considered an important force in history. capable of 能…的 Many animals are capable of using objects in the naturalenvironment as rudimentary tools. 14. be characterized by 以…为特征
The nervous system ofvertebrates is characterized by a hollow, dorsal nerve cord that ends in thehead region as an enlargement, the brain.
composed of 由…组成
Ocean life is primarilycomposed of plants.
concerned with 与某事物有关
Ethnology is concernedwith the study of adaptive, or survival, value of behavior and its Evolutionaryhistory.
distinct from 与…不同
Jupiter and the othergiant planets are of a low-density type quite distinct from the terrestrialplanets
essential to 对…不可缺少
Public performance isessential to verbal art.
exposed to 使接触，使遭受
Body contact reducesthe surface area exposed to the cold air.
far from 离…很远，根本不是
But far from beingrandom, molt is controlled by strong evolutionary forces that have establishedan optimal time and duration.
21. be hostile to 极不友好的，极厌恶的
Ocean bottom is a hostileenvironment to humans
regarded as 被认为是
Humanity's primalefforts to systematize the concepts of size, shapes, and number are usuallyregarded as the earliest mathematics.
related to 与…有关的，相联系的
Why is dancing closelyrelated to popular music in the United States?
24. be responsible for 对…负责
In fact, nuclearreactions that convert hydrogen to helium are responsible for most of theenergy that stars produce.
25. be sensitive to 对…敏感的
Ants can be extremelysensitive to these signals.
subjected to 经历，遭受
Oil is formed whenorganic material trapped in sediments is slowly buried and subjected toincreased temperatures and pressures, transforming it into petroleum.
27. be superior to 优越于
Natural vitamins aresuperior to synthetic ones
28 traced to 找出根源
The ancestry of thepiano can be traced to the early keyboard instruments of the fifteenth andsixteenth centuries.
29. be/become aware of 意识到，认识到
People became aware ofthe new service by word of mouth or newspaper advertisements.
30. be/become/getaccustomed to 习惯于
In the harshenvironment of northern Europe, Scandinavian women had been accustomed topracticing forms of shifting cultivation, and they immediately understood
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