定语从句的翻译技巧

定语从句的翻译技巧：简单定语从句的翻译技巧：

所谓简单的定语从句，是指一个句子只含一个定语从句的结构。这类定语从句，不论是限制性的还是非限制笥的，在结构上与先行词的'关系比较简单，翻译时多译成定语，也可译成并列句、状语从句或独立句等；这种定语从句还可译成句子成分，即和先行词放在一起翻译，它有如下几种情况：

1．译成主句把先行词译成定语，而把定语从句译成主句：

In the northern Balkans where the Bulgars were a constant threat to the empire, Basil Ii won such a crushing victory in 1014 that he was known thereafter as Bulgaroktouns, or the Bulgar-Slayer.

巴尔干半岛北部的保加利亚人，一直是帝国的威胁，1014年，巴西耳二世在巴尔干半岛北部取得决定性胜利，从此被称为屠杀保加利亚人的刽子手。

2． 译成谓语 把先行词或主句译成主语，把定语从句译成谓语或动宾结构：

In the East the Persians, who had been bribed into peace during Justinians reign, now set out under their ambitious king of kings, Chosroes II, to eliminate altogether the East Roman Empire.

在东部，查士丁尼统治时期，波斯人因**曾与拜占廷媾和；现在，他们在野心勃勃的大皇帝科斯罗埃斯二世的率领下，开始全面消灭东罗马帝国。（谓语）

定语从句的翻译技巧：复杂定语从句的翻译技巧

一主二仆式定语从句是指一个先行词带有两个或两个以上定语从句的情况。该结构中的定语从句比较规范，均修饰一个先行词，在翻译时，虽然也遵循一般定语从句的翻译技巧和方法，但还有其独特的地方。归纳起来，有如下几种情况：

1）译成定语 可以把两个定语从句译成并列的定语，也可译成分开的定语修饰先地词，或分别修饰重复的先行词。

and the old ways of earning a living rivalled by new agricultural techniques, by commerce with hitherto unknown parts of the globe, and by new crafts with strane machines that saved labor and that ran without the traditional human or animal power

古老的谋生之道正受到新的农业技术、新的贸易、新的行业的挑战；这种新贸易是与世界上一向无人知晓的地区进行的贸易，而种种新行业则是使用一些无需传统的人力畜力驱动、可节省劳动力的奇特机遇。（并列的定语）

Almost everything which really matters and which the world possessed at the commencement of the modern age was already known to man at the dawn of history.

近代史开始时，世界拥有的每一项重大成就，已为历史发端期的人们所知晓。（分开的定语）

And it helps to explain why so many inventions that were of Chinese origin or that had been known to the Greco-Romans, were fully developed and exploited ony by the Western Europeans.